Aztec Civilization Timeline

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  • 1100 - 1200
    The Valley of Mexico is first settled by migrating tribes (Chichimecs, Tepanecs, Mexica and Acolhua).
  • c. 1345 - 1521
    The Aztec civilization flourishes in Mesoamerica.
  • 1345
    Traditional date for the founding of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan on Lake Texcoco.
  • 1350 - 1522
    The Tarascan civilization flourishes in Mesoamerica.
  • 1351
    New Fire Ceremony celebrated by the Aztecs.
  • 1375 - 1395
    Acamapichtli reigns as leader of the Aztecs.
  • 1396 - 1417
    Huitzilihuitl reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1403
    New Fire Ceremony celebrated by the Aztecs.
  • 1417 - 1426
    Chimalpopoca reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1418
    Texcoco is temporarily conquered by Mexica and Tepanec forces.
  • c. 1427
    The Sun Stone depicting the ages of the five suns of Aztec mythology is carved and set up at Tenochtitlan.
  • 1427 - 1440
    Itzcoatl reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1428
    The Triple Alliance is formed between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan.
  • 1431
    Netzahualcoyotl officially becomes tlatoani or leader of Texcoco.
  • 1440 - 1469
    Motecuhzoma I reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • c. 1450
    The Aztecs establish a garrison at Mitla in the Oaxaca Valley.
  • 1455
    New Fire Ceremony celebrated by the Aztecs.
  • 1469 - 1481
    Axayacatl reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • c. 1473
    The Coyolxauhqui Stone is carved depicting the Aztec goddess Coyolxauhqui, dismembered by the god Huitzilopochtli.
  • 1481 - 1486
    Tizoc reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • c. 1485
    The Stone of Tizoc is carved depicting the Aztec king Tizoc attacking warriors from the Matlatzinca.
  • 1486 - 1502
    Ahuitzotl reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1487
    The Templo Mayor is completed at Tenochtitlan and inaugurated with the sacrifice of 20,000 captives.
  • c. 1494
    Aztec leader Ahuitzotl conquers the central valleys of Oaxaca.
  • 1502 - 1520
    Motecuhzoma II reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1507
    New Fire Ceremony celebrated by the Aztecs.
  • c. 1507
    The Throne of Motecuhzoma II is carved. Also known as the Monument of Sacred War.
  • Nov 1519
    Motecuhzoma II receives Hernán Cortés at the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan.
  • 1520
    Cuitlahuac is briefly the successor to Motecuhzoma II as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 30 Jun 1520
    Death of Aztec ruler Motecuhzoma II.
  • 1521
    Texcoco provided ships and men to aide the Spanish siege of Tenochtitlan.
  • 1521 - 1525
    Cuauhtemoc reigns as leader of the Aztec Empire.
  • 13 Aug 1521
    The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan falls into the hands of Spanish forces led by Hernán Cortés.
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