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Mandate of Heaven
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Mandate of Heaven

The Mandate of Heaven (Tianming), also known as Heaven's Mandate, was the divine source of authority and the right to rule of China's early kings and then emperors. The ancient god or divine force known as Heaven or Sky selected a particular...
Han Dynasty
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) was the second dynasty of Imperial China (the era of centralized, dynastic government, 221 BCE - 1912 CE) which established the paradigm for all succeeding dynasties up through 1912 CE. It succeeded the...
Chinese Literature
Definition by Emily Mark

Chinese Literature

Chinese literature is among the most imaginative and interesting in the world. The precision of the language results in perfectly realized images whether in poetry or prose and, as with all great literature, the themes are timeless. The Chinese...
Emperor Wuzong of Tang
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Emperor Wuzong of Tang

Wuzong of Tang (also Wu-Tsung, formerly Li Yan) reigned as emperor of China from 840 to 846 CE. He is best remembered today for his persecution of Buddhists, the worst such attack in all of China's history, and his early death by insanity...
Chinese Emperor
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Chinese Emperor

The emperors of ancient China had tremendous power and responsibility. Called the 'Son of Heaven', he (and once she) was given a divine right to rule over all people but was expected to promote their best interest and not his own. An absolute...
The Dragon in Ancient China
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Dragon in Ancient China

Dragons appear in the mythology of many ancient cultures but nowhere else in the world was the creature quite so revered as in China. There, in marked contrast to other world mythologies, the dragon was almost always seen in a positive light...
King Wen of Zhou
Image by Unknown Artist

King Wen of Zhou

An idealised portrait of King Wen of Zhou (11th century BCE), the first Chinese ruler to claim the Mandate of Heaven. Ming Period illustration.
Emperor Wen of Wei
Image by Yan Li-pen

Emperor Wen of Wei

A portrait of Chinese Emperor Wen of Wei (507-551 CE). 7th century CE Scroll of Thirteen Emperors. (Boston Museum of Fine Arts, USA)
A Scene from the Wu Family Shrines
Image by John Tuttle

A Scene from the Wu Family Shrines

This is a rubbing of a scene found in the Wu family shrines which depicts King Wen, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, lasting from 1046 to 256 BCE. Currently, it is a part of the Cyrus Tang Hall of China exhibition at the Field Museum in Chicago...
The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road
Book Review ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ by Graham Squires

The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road

Since the appearance of "world history" as an academic subgenre in the 1990s, the Silk Road has received considerable attention. The causes behind this focus of scholarly attention are not difficult to understand. For those seeking an alternate...
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