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James II of Scotland
James II of Scotland ruled as king from 1437 to 1460. Succeeding his murdered father James I of Scotland (r. 1406-1437), James inherited the throne as a child. The first part of his reign witnessed intense rivalries between rival barons...
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Sir James Douglas
Sir James Douglas, aka 'Black Douglas' (c. 1286-1330 CE), a Scottish knight who fought for his country's independence from England. He is here shown with fellow fighters Robert Bruce and William Wallace. (Entrance hall frieze by William Hole...
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Beauty in the Bronze Age - Minoan & Mycenaean Fashion
Dress and appearance in Bronze Age Greece (c. 3100 BCE - c. 1100 BCE) played a part in defining gender roles and emphasising idealized beauty that planted the seed for modern-day standards. The Minoans turned the island of Crete into a Mediterranean...
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Menes
Menes (c. 3150 BCE) is the legendary first king of Egypt who is thought to have united Upper and Lower Egypt through conquest and founded both the First Dynasty and the great city of Memphis. His name is known from sources such as Manetho's...
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Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta (l. 1304-1368/69) was a Moroccan explorer from Tangier whose expeditions took him further than any other traveler of his time and resulted in his famous work, The Rihla of Ibn Battuta. Scholar Douglas Bullis notes that “rihla”...
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Adam Smith
Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a Scottish philosopher, economist, and leading Enlightenment figure. In The Wealth of Nations, he advocates free trade and limited interference in markets by governments, for which he is seen as the founder of liberal...
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Third Dynasty of Egypt
The Third Dynasty of Egypt (c. 2670-2613 BCE) begins with king Djoser, famous for his Step Pyramid at Saqqara. Although there are some sources which claim a king named Sanakht (also known as Nebra) founded the Third Dynasty, these claims...
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Threave Castle
Located on Threave Island, on the River Dee, in Southwestern Scotland, Threave Castle was built in the late 14th century CE by Archibald Douglas ("the Grim"). It served as the Douglas stronghold until 1455 CE.
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Fetterman Massacre
Study of the Fetterman Fight, a modern-day depiction of the battle of 21 December 1866 during Red Cloud's War, by Kim Douglas Wiggins.
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The Thousand-bomber Raid on Cologne in 1942
Cologne (Köln) was the first German city to experience a "1,000-bomber raid" by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War (1939-45). The attack took place on the night of 30 May 1942 and was planned as a demonstration of the destruction...