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Musket Operating Instructions
A 17th-century visual manual on how to load and fire a musket.
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Semitic's vowel-smuggling consonants - History of Writing Systems #9 (Pointing & Matres Lectionis)
Semitic languages like Hebrew and Arabic evolved a unique way to write vowels... with consonants! See how in this episode of Thoth's Pill: an Animated History of Writing. You're back in the ancient Middle East, where seemingly everyone's...
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Pronouncing pictures! - History of Writing Systems #4 (Rebus writing)
Watch ancient Sumerians figure out how to use pictures to write sounds for the first time in history. See why the Egyptians disagree with their approach. Meaning writing (logographs) let early writers get civilized and document their thoughts...
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How Korea crafted a better alphabet - History of Writing Systems #11 (Featural Alphabet)
The Korean alphabet is better than yours. Meet the king who invented it and watch him work his linguistic magic in this chapter in the history of writing. You wake up in another palace. This time you're in Korea. The first face to greet...
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How Egypt invented the alphabet - History of Writing Systems #7 (Abjad)
From Egyptian hieroglyphs to your alphabet, watch these miners turn fancy symbols into simple scratches that were all about the sounds. First marvel at hieroglyphic inscriptions in the shadow of the great pyramids. Once you grasp how those...
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Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman (UNESCO/NHK)
The property includes five aflaj irrigation systems and is representative of some 3,000 such systems still in use in Oman. The origins of this system of irrigation may date back to AD 500, but archaeological evidence suggests that irrigation...
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Water Supply Systems at the Acropolis
Pipes and cisterns installed by Peisistratus at the Acropolis for the supply of fresh water in Athens. 6th century BCE.
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How writing got civilized - History of Writing Systems #3 (Logographs)
Watch prehistoric pictures turn into written words as ancient civilizations around the world learn to write for the very first time! You took Thoth's Pill. Now your journey continues. Leave the cave days behind and take a leap into history...
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Chinese is NOT picture writing! - History of Writing Systems #5 (Determinatives)
Watch this ancient Chinese scribe figure out how to use a fixed set of characters to write limitless words in his language. How? By combining meaning writing (logographs) and sound writing (rebus)! The result is a set of helpful hints...
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The day the Greeks invented vowels - History of Writing Systems #8 (The Alphabet)
Your vowels were invented in Greece, giving birth to the first "true" alphabet. Watch as your new toga-clad friend turns your consonant abjad into a consonant-vowel alphabet. It's such a useful mapping of letters to sounds that neighbor...