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Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester

Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester (l. 1602-1671), was a Parliamentarian commander during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651). He led the Eastern Association army before the indecisive Second Battle of Newbury in 1644 led to recriminations...
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (l. c. 1532-1588 CE), was a high-ranking courtier who rose to become a favourite of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). Rumours abounded that Dudley sought to marry the queen, and their relationship...
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
Image by Steven van der Meulen

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

A c. 1560 CE portrait attributed to Steven van der Meulen of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (l. c. 1532-1588 CE) and favourite of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). (The Wallace Collection, London)
Edward IV of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Edward IV of England

Edward IV of England ruled as king from 1461 to 1470 CE and again from 1471 to 1483 CE. The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) had been lost by Edward's predecessor, Henry VI of England (1422-1461 CE & 1470-1471 CE), leaving Calais as...
Richard, Duke of York
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Richard, Duke of York

Richard, 3rd Duke of York (l. 1411-1460 CE) was the richest man in England and one of the nobles who sparked off the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE), a dynastic dispute that rumbled on for four decades between several English kings, queens...
Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester
Image by National Portrait Gallery

Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester

A portrait of Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester (1602-1671). Manchester commanded one of the main armies of the Parliamentarians during the English Civil Wars (1642-51) until he was discredited for his performance in the indecisive Second...
Harold Godwinson
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson (also spelt Godwineson) reigned briefly as King Harold II of England from January to October 1066 CE, the momentous year which witnessed the Norman conquest and end of 500 years of Anglo-Saxon rule. Harold had been, as the...
Henry VI of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Henry VI of England

Henry VI of England ruled as king from 1422 to 1461 CE and again from 1470 to 1471 CE. Succeeding his father Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422 CE), Henry VI was crowned the king of France in 1431 CE but he could not prevent a French revival...
George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland
Image by Nicholas Hilliard

George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland

A portrait of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland (1547-1619 CE). He wears an extravagant outfit that includes a glove pinned to his hat given to him by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). Painted by Nicholas Hilliard c. 1590 CE. (National...
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Image by Chenoa-commonswiki

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick

A 17th-century CE painting depicting Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (1428 - 1471 CE). The painting is now part of the collection of the Marquess of Abergavenny.
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