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Germ Theory
Definition by John Horgan

Germ Theory

The germ theory, which emerged in the late 19th century, demonstrated that microscopic germs caused most human infectious diseases. The germs involved included bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and prions. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a French...
Poems of Phillis Wheatley and Jefferson's Criticism
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Poems of Phillis Wheatley and Jefferson's Criticism

Although Phillis Wheatley's poetry found an audience upon publication, it was not well received by everyone and some, notably Thomas Jefferson (l. 1743-1826), dismissed her work entirely as "mimicry" since, according to the prevailing understanding...
Index of Prohibited Books
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Index of Prohibited Books

The Index of Prohibited Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum) was a list of written works condemned as heretical or injurious to the Christian faith by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent in 1563. It remained in effect until 1966 when...
12 Best Historical Fiction Books to Read
Article by Kim Martins

12 Best Historical Fiction Books to Read

The AHE team live and breathe history, but we all have our favourite historical periods and authors. We thought it would be fun for each of us to nominate one or two books that we would recommend for the general reader as well as high school...
The Horse-rider Theory in Ancient Japan
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Horse-rider Theory in Ancient Japan

The 'horse-rider theory' is a controversial proposal that Japan was conquered around the 4th or 5th century CE by a culture from northern Asia to whom the horse was especially important. Although archaeological evidence and genetics point...
Seven Books of History Against the Pagans
Image by Marcella Medici

Seven Books of History Against the Pagans

Orosius' (5th century CE) Historiae adversus paganos, 1561 CE edition. Available in the BEIC digital library.
The Theory of Omens
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Theory of Omens

On this clay tablet, the author has listed the titles of cuneiform omen collections drawn from celestial and terrestrial phenomena. Rather unusually, he explains that the validity of an individual omen depends on the particular month and...
Index of Prohibited Books
Image by Drw1

Index of Prohibited Books

Title page of the Index of Prohibited Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum), published in Rome, 1711. National Library of Slovenia, Ljubljana.
Pages from Serlio's Seven Books on Architecture
Image by François de Dijon

Pages from Serlio's Seven Books on Architecture

Pages from 'Seven Books on Architecture' by the Italian Renaissance architect Sebastiano Serlio (c. 1475-1554 CE). 1551-1554 CE. (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich)
The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe

The arrival in Europe of the printing press with moveable metal type in the 1450s CE was an event which had enormous and long-lasting consequences. The German printer Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398-1468 CE) is widely credited with the innovation...
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