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Christopher Columbus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (l. 1451-1506 CE, also known as Cristoffa Corombo in Ligurian and Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) was a Genoese explorer (identified as Italian) who became famous in his own time as the man who discovered the New World...
The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction
Article by Gordon Campbell / Oxford University Press

The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction

The idea that it was the Norse who discovered America first emerged in the late 18th century, long before there was any public awareness of the sagas on which such claims were based. In the course of the 19th century, evidence for a Norse...
Columbian Exchange
Definition by John Horgan

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. The exchange...
European Colonization of the Americas
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

European Colonization of the Americas

The European colonization of the Americas was the process by which European settlers populated the regions of North, Central, South America, and the islands of the Caribbean. It is also recognized as the direct cause for the cultures of the...
Dogs and Their Collars in Ancient Mesoamerica
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Dogs and Their Collars in Ancient Mesoamerica

Dogs were an integral aspect of the lives of the people of Mesoamerica regardless of their location or culture and, throughout the region, were recognized as liminal beings belonging not only to the natural world and that of humans but to...
Columbus' Arrival in America
Image by Jack Cousin

Columbus' Arrival in America

Mosaic at the Metro Station Avenida de America, Madrid, representing the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus (l. 1451-1506 CE).
Travel & Exploration Before Columbus
Collection by Mark Cartwright

Travel & Exploration Before Columbus

Ancient peoples were as curious as ourselves about the wider world and even if the transport at their disposal meant travel could be long, arduous and dangerous, they still managed to get about and visit different cities, sacred sites and...
The Voyages of Christopher Columbus 1492-1504
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Voyages of Christopher Columbus 1492-1504

A map illustrating the four voyages to the Americas of Christopher Columbus, a Genovese by origin, sailing under the flag of Spain. Although his intended mission was to discover a westward trade route to India, China, Japan, and the Spice...
Columbus Monument
Image by Paul Lo

Columbus Monument

Colombus Monument, Barcelona
The World According to Columbus c. 1490
Image by Simeon Netchev

The World According to Columbus c. 1490

A map illustrating Christopher Columbus’s image of the world before his first voyage in 1492. It was based on a map by Toscanelli, depicting the planet about 25% smaller than it actually was, and ignored the (correct) measurements of Eratosthenes...
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