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![Interview: Empire of the Black Sea by Duane Roller](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12373.jpg?v=1642833003)
Interview
Interview: Empire of the Black Sea by Duane Roller
Multiple Fulbright Award-winning Duane Roller joins us to talk about his new book, Empire of the Black Sea. The first thorough analysis in English of the dynasty as a whole, Empire of the Black Sea chronicles each ruler of the Mithridatic...
![Cleopatra Selene II](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/10504.jpg?v=1633333504)
Definition
Cleopatra Selene II
Cleopatra Selene II (40 - c. 5 BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty who became the queen of Mauretania upon her marriage to King Juba II of Numidia (48 BCE - 23 CE). Though more obscure than her famous mother, Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE...
![Cleopatra](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14929.jpg?v=1716368646)
Definition
Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII (l. c. 69-30 BCE, r. 51-30 BCE) was the last ruler of Egypt before it was annexed as a province of Rome. Although arguably the most famous Egyptian queen, Cleopatra was actually Greek and a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30...
![Duane Roller](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12406.jpg?v=1599213603)
Image
Duane Roller
Duane W. Roller is Professor Emeritus of Classics at The Ohio State University and the author of numerous books, including Empire of the Black Sea: The Rise and Fall of the Mithridatic World, Cleopatra: A Biography, Cleopatra's Daughter...
![Caesarion](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8290.jpg?v=1716754749)
Definition
Caesarion
Ptolemy XV Caesar “Theos Philopator Philometor” (“the Father-loving Mother-loving God”) (c. 47-30 BCE), better known by his unofficial nickname Caesarion or “Little Caesar” in Greek, was the oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE) and was...
![Was Cleopatra Beautiful?](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11730.jpg?v=1692839823)
Article
Was Cleopatra Beautiful?
The idea that Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE), the famous last queen of ancient Egypt, owed her powerful position to her beauty persists. “The nose of Cleopatra: if it had been shorter, the whole face of the earth would have changed,” the French...
![Battle of Actium](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1212.png?v=1711380723)
Definition
Battle of Actium
The Battle of Actium (2 September 31 BCE, fought in the Ionian Sea off Actium, Greece) was the decisive engagement of the civil war fought between Octavian Caesar (l. 63-14 CE, later known as Augustus, r. 27 BCE - 14 CE) and the forces of...
![Cleopatra & Antony](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14801.jpg?v=1636145802)
Article
Cleopatra & Antony
Regarded by the Romans as "fatale monstrum" – a fatal omen – Cleopatra is one of the ancient world's most popular, though elusive figures. The Egyptian queen has been immortalized by numerous writers and filmmakers, most popularly by William...
![The Battle of Actium: Birth of an Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2566.png?v=1715796843)
Article
The Battle of Actium: Birth of an Empire
The battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BCE concluded the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BCE) and consolidated Rome's power in the Mediterranean, finally resulting in Greece becoming a province of Rome in 146 BCE. This engagement is sometimes...
![Alexander Helios](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8292.jpg?v=1695451564)
Definition
Alexander Helios
Alexander Helios (40 BCE – c. late 1st century BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, the second oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69 BCE – 30 BCE) and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – 5 BCE). He spent the majority of his...