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Europe at the Peace of Westphalia, 1648
A map illustrating the situation in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia was signed in Osnabrück and Münster between May and October 1648. The two treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War (initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic...
Image Gallery
10 Maps on European History
In this gallery of 10 maps on European history, we explore the dynamic borders and the fragile quest for peace on the continent. Witness the shifting borders and the persistent efforts of nations to achieve stability amidst the ever-changing...
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The Blessings of the Peace of Westphalia
A 1654 painting by Jacob Jordaens, 'The Blessings of the Peace of Westphalia'. The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. (National Museum of Art, Norway)
Definition
Peace of Callias
The Peace of Callias (aka Kallias) refers to a possible peace treaty made in the mid-5th century BCE between Athens and Persia following the Persian Wars. The existence of such a treaty is not agreed upon by all historians, and if it did...
Definition
Pilgrim-Wampanoag Peace Treaty
The Pilgrim-Wampanoag Peace Treaty is the document drafted and signed on 22 March 1621 CE between governor John Carver (l. 1584-1621 CE) of the Plymouth Colony and the sachem (chief) Ousamequin (better known by his title Massasoit, l. c...
Article
The Delian League, Part 2: From Eurymedon to the Thirty Years Peace (465/4-445/4 BCE)
This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The second phase of the Delian League's operations begins with the Hellenic victory over Mede forces at Eurymedon and ends with the Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta...
Interview
Interview: Kutuzov a Life in War and Peace by Alexander Mikaberidze
Join World History Encyclopedia as they have a chat with author Alexander Mikaberidze all about his new book Kutuzov: A Life in War and Peace, published by Oxford University Press. Kelly: Thank you so much for joining me today, Alex. It...
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The Caucasus after the Peace of Nisibis, c. 300 CE
A map illustrating the Caucasian states after the First Peace of Nisibis in 299 CE depicts a period of geopolitical stability and well-defined borders between the Roman and Sassanid Empires. This treaty, aimed at settling disputes and establishing...
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Merovingian Jar
The Franks continued to produce glass vessels and wheel-made pottery using Roman methods, but the finer skills were lost and glassware became a luxury, used only at high status feasts. Roman glass-making centers in the Rhineland (Western...
Definition
Artaxerxes I
Artaxerxes I (r. 465-424 BCE) was the sixth monarch of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He was the son of Xerxes I (r. 486-465 BCE) and his principal wife Amestris (d. 424 BCE) and grandson of Darius I (the Great, r. 522-486 BCE). He continued...