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Leo Africanus
Definition by Sikeena Karmali Ahmed

Leo Africanus

Leo Africanus (al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wazzan al-Fasi al-Granati, 1485-1554) was a diplomat, merchant traveller and scholar who famously voyaged from Timbuktu to the Niger River and wrote 'The Description of Africa' (La Descrittione...
Fatima Al-Fihri and Al-Qarawiyyin University
Article by Sikeena Karmali Ahmed

Fatima Al-Fihri and Al-Qarawiyyin University

Fatima Al-Fihri (c. 800-880) was a Muslim woman, scholar and philanthropist who is credited with founding the world’s oldest, continuously running university during the 9th century: the University of Al-Qarawiyyin, located in Fez in Morocco...
Ibn Battuta
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta (l. 1304-1368/69) was a Moroccan explorer from Tangier whose expeditions took him further than any other traveler of his time and resulted in his famous work, The Rihla of Ibn Battuta. Scholar Douglas Bullis notes that “rihla”...
The Description of Africa
Definition by Sikeena Karmali Ahmed

The Description of Africa

The Description of Africa is the first comprehensive book about Africa, written by Leo Africanus, an African scholar trained in the Islamic intellectual tradition, in 1526, during the Italian Renaissance. A skillful mixture of anthropology...
Qarawiyyin University
Image by Abdel Hassouni

Qarawiyyin University

Inner courtyards of Qarawiyyin University in Fez, Morocco, the oldest continuous university in the world founded in 857-859 by a Muslim woman scholar named Fatima al-Fihri (born c. 800)
Fountain, Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque Complex
Image by Rachid Idir Aadnani - Archnet

Fountain, Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque Complex

The fountain in the courtyard of Al-Qarawiyyin mosque complex, Fez, Morocco.
The Travels of Leo Africanus, 1507-1520
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Travels of Leo Africanus, 1507-1520

A map tracing the journeys of Leo Africanus (al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi, c. 1494 – c. 1554), a 16th-century Maghrebi diplomat, traveler, and geographer. His Description of Africa (1550) remains one of the most detailed early...
Oldest Known Medical Degree
Image by Unknown author

Oldest Known Medical Degree

The oldest known and documented medical degree in the world. It was awarded by the University of al-Qarawiyyin, Fez, Morocco, to Doctor Abdellah Ben Saleh Al Koutami in 1207.
Figure of Fatima Al-Fihri from the Jordan Museum
Image by Anass Sedrati

Figure of Fatima Al-Fihri from the Jordan Museum

Figure of Fatima Al-Fihri (c. 800-880) from the Jordan Museum, Amman, Jordan. Fatima Al-Fihri was a Muslim woman, scholar and philanthropist who is credited with founding the world’s oldest, continuously running university during the 9th...
Water Clock, Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque
Image by Mustafa-trit20

Water Clock, Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque

This reconstruction of the 14th-century water clock from the Dar al-Muwaqqit of the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque (Fez, Morocco) is now on display at the Istanbul Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Islam. The Dar al-Muwaqqit is a...
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