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Runes
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Runes

Runes are letters in the runic alphabets of Germanic-speaking peoples, written and read most prominently from at least c. 160 CE onwards in Scandinavia in the Elder Futhark script (until c. 700 CE) and the Younger Futhark - which illuminated...
Saga
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Saga

The Old Norse word saga means 'story', 'tale' or 'history' and normally refers specifically to the epic prose narratives written mainly in Iceland between the 12th- and 15th centuries CE, covering the country's history as well as Scandinavia's...
Kingdom of Mercia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kingdom of Mercia

The Kingdom of Mercia (c. 527-879 CE) was an Anglo-Saxon political entity located in the midlands of present-day Britain and bordered on the south by the Kingdom of Wessex, on the west by Wales, north by Northumbria, and on the east by East...
What Was the Life of a Viking Warrior Like?
Video by The Infographics Show

What Was the Life of a Viking Warrior Like?

There are few more iconic images than that of a mighty Viking warrior, a hulking berserker with a horned helmet cleaving foes in two with a mighty axe. But history actually paints a different picture of Vikings than what modern media has...
Viking Age Helmet
Image by NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet

Viking Age Helmet

The Viking Age helmet pictured here is known as the Gjermundbu helmet, named after the farm it was found at near Haugsbygd, Norway, in 1943 CE. It was located inside a Viking Age burial chamber. Although at the time of discovery it was in...
Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE
Image by Hel-hama

Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE

Map showing the routes allegedly taken by the Great Viking Army that invaded the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms in 865 CE, under leadership of such chieftains as 'Hingwar', 'Hubba', and 'Halfdene' (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 870-871 CE). These figures...
The Funeral of a Viking
Image by Frank Dicksee (1853-1928)

The Funeral of a Viking

Painting by Frank Dicksee (1853-1928 CE) titled "The Funeral of a Viking", showing a Viking being cremated on a ship pushed out to sea. The painting resides at the Manchester Art Gallery in the UK. Historically, although burial became...
The Danish Conquest of England
Article by Brandon M. Bender

The Danish Conquest of England

The Danish conquest of England was not a singular event, but a series of large Viking invasions of England between 1013 and 1016, which eventually overthrew the native English dynasty. As a result, four kings from the House of Denmark ruled...
The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction
Article by Gordon Campbell / Oxford University Press

The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction

The idea that it was the Norse who discovered America first emerged in the late 18th century, long before there was any public awareness of the sagas on which such claims were based. In the course of the 19th century, evidence for a Norse...
Reconstructed Viking Village in Hofn, Iceland
Image by adriana serra

Reconstructed Viking Village in Hofn, Iceland

Situated near Höfn on the east coast of Iceland is what looks like a genuine and immaculately preserved Viking village; in fact, it is a reconstructed Viking village built in 2010 CE for a film that was never filmed. Though obviously not...
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