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George Washington
Famous portrait of President George Washington (1732-1799), oil on canvas by Gilbert Stuart, 1803.
Clark Art Institute of Williamstown, Massachusetts.

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John Tyler
Half-portrait of US President John Tyler (1790-1862), reproduction of a photographic print, circa 1860. Brady-Handy Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

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Elizabeth Kortright Monroe
Portrait of Elizabeth Kortright Monroe who, as the wife of President James Monroe, served as First Lady of the United States from 1817 to 1825.
White House, Washington, D.C, courtesy of the Edwards family.

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Hitler & Hindenburg
A March 1933 photograph showing Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and the German President Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934). (German Federal Archives)

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Portrait of James Madison, 1783
Miniature portrait of future US President James Madison in 1783, when he was a 32-year-old delegate to the Continental Congress. Watercolor on ivory, by Charles Willson Peale, 1783. This miniature was given to Catherine 'Kitty' Floyd, who...

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Mass Hanging of Dakota Sioux in Mankato, Minnesota
Execution of the thirty-eight Sioux Indians at Mankato Minnesota, December 25, 1862. Print by Buffalo: Hayes Litho. Co., c. 1883. President Abraham Lincoln ordered the mass execution of 38 Native Americans in Minnesota for revolt against...

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The Historical Audacity of the Louisiana Purchase - Judy Walton
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-audacity-behind-the-louisiana-purchase-judy-walton When the French offered up the Louisiana Territory, Thomas Jefferson knew this real estate deal was too good to pass up. How did the President...

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The Causes of WWII
The origins of the Second World War (1939-45) may be traced back to the harsh peace settlement of the First World War (1914-18) and the economic crisis of the 1930s, while more immediate causes were the aggressive invasions of their neighbours...

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How Did Hitler Rise to Power?
The rise of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the Nazi dictator of Germany from 1933, was enabled by those already in power eager to take advantage of his popularity. Hitler promised to make Germany great again after the humiliation of WWI by restoring...

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Colonial Government in the Spanish Empire
The apparatus of colonial government in the Spanish Empire consisted of multiple levels, starting with the monarchy and Council of the Indies at the top and moving down to the viceroy, audiencias, mayors, and local councils. The system was...