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Nine Realms of Norse Cosmology
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Nine Realms of Norse Cosmology

Norse cosmology divided the universe into nine realms. The center of the universe was the great world-tree Yggdrasil and the nine realms either spread out from the tree or existed in levels stretching from the roots down and, marginally...
Christianization of Iceland
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Christianization of Iceland

The Christianization of Iceland was a smooth transition compared to other Scandinavian countries. While in Norway, Denmark, or Sweden, royal authority played a crucial role in conversion, in Iceland, it was a parliamentary decision, reached...
Ragnarök
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ragnarök

Ragnarök is the cataclysmic battle between the forces of chaos and those of order in Norse mythology, ending the world and killing most of the gods and their adversaries, leading to the birth of a new world. It has been claimed, however...
Freyja
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Freyja

Freyja (Old Norse for 'Lady', 'Woman', or 'Mistress') is the best-known and most important goddess in Norse mythology. Beautiful and many-functioned, she features heavily as a fertility goddess stemming from her place in the Vanir family...
The Kon-Tiki Raft at Sea
Image by Thor Heyerdahl - Kon-Tiki Museum

The Kon-Tiki Raft at Sea

A still from the award-winning documentary film made by Thor Herydahl (1914-2002) of his 1947 Kon-Tiki expedition when he and five others crossed the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Polynesia on a balsa-wood raft.
Norse Pets in the Viking Age
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Norse Pets in the Viking Age

Pets were as important to the Norse of the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) as they were to any other culture, past or present. The Vikings kept dogs and cats as pets and both feature in Norse religious iconography and literature. The Norse also...
Valkyrie
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Valkyrie

A Valkyrie is a figure in Norse mythology depicted as a warrior woman on horseback, a wolf or boar, and armed with a spear, who decides the fate of warriors in battle and carries the dead to Odin’s Valhalla. Valkyrie means "chooser of the...
Tyr
Definition by Irina-Maria Manea

Tyr

Tyr (Old Norse: Týr) is one of the battle-gods of Norse mythology, according to the main sources on the topic, the literary works called the Eddas. He takes part in two adventures, one involving a monster to whom he sacrifices his hand, and...
Norse Mythology
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Norse Mythology

Norse mythology refers to the Scandinavian mythological framework that was upheld during and around the time of the Viking Age (c. 790- c. 1100 CE). Complete with a creation myth that has the first gods slaying a giant and turning his body...
Valhalla
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Valhalla

Valhalla ("Hall of the Slain") is the afterlife realm in Norse mythology for fallen heroes selected by Odin’s Valkyrie to become members of the army that will fight against the forces of chaos at Ragnarök. The concept of Odin’s Hall seems...
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