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Joachim Murat
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Joachim Murat

Joachim Murat (1767-1815) was a French cavalry officer who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He was appointed marshal of the French Empire in 1804, Grand Duke of Berg in 1806, and ruled as...
September Massacres
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

September Massacres

The September Massacres refers to a series of mass killings that took place in the prisons of Paris between 2 and 7 September 1792, during the French Revolution (1789-99). Sometimes known as the first Terror, the massacres saw between 1,100...
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Whiskey Rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion was a violent uprising that occurred in western Pennsylvania in 1794, in opposition to an excise tax on liquor. After anti-tax protestors assaulted federal tax collectors and threatened to march on Pittsburgh, President...
Battle of Valmy
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Valmy

The Battle of Valmy was a stunning French victory over a Prussian-led coalition army on 20 September 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). Although the battle was little more than a skirmish, it halted the coalition's invasion...
XYZ Affair
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

XYZ Affair

The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident that occurred in 1797-98, involving diplomats from the United States and Revolutionary France. Amidst rising tensions between the two nations, President John Adams sent envoys to Paris to negotiate...
Battle of Jemappes
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Jemappes

The Battle of Jemappes was a decisive battle in the War of the First Coalition (1792-97), part of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). On 6 November 1792, a French army under General Charles-François Dumouriez defeated an Austrian force...
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (1762-1833) was a French general who held significant commands in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He won a major victory for the French Republic at the Battle of Fleurus...
Trial of Louis XVI
Image by Reinier Vinkeles

Trial of Louis XVI

The trial of King Louis XVI of France, on 26 December 1792, engraving by Reinier Vinkeles, c. 1793-96. Louis himself can be seen prominently in the lower right, holding a sheet of paper from which he reads his defense. He is flanked by his...
Trial and Execution of Marie Antoinette
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Trial and Execution of Marie Antoinette

The trial and execution of Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), formerly the queen of France, was among the opening events of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Accused of a series of crimes that included conspiring with...
4 Women of the French Revolution
Article by Harrison W. Mark

4 Women of the French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789-1799) sought to dismantle the oppressive society of the old regime and build a new world based on the principles of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity". This push for societal change led to a burgeoning feminist movement...
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