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Avesta
The Avesta is the scripture of Zoroastrianism which developed from an oral tradition founded by the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht) sometime between c. 1500-1000 BCE. The title is generally accepted as meaning “praise”, though this...
Definition
Jezebel
Jezebel (d. c. 842 BCE) was the Phoenician Princess of Sidon who married Ahab, King of Israel (r. c. 871 - c. 852 BCE) according to the biblical books of I and II Kings, where she is portrayed unfavorably as a conniving harlot who corrupts...
Definition
Samaritans
The Samaritans are a religious sect of ethnic Jews living near Mount Gerizim, Nablus, Hebron, and the West Bank in Israel. This community differs from mainstream Judaism by claiming that followers only accept the five books of Moses (Torah...
Definition
Judas Iscariot
Judas Iscariot was one of the original disciples of Jesus of Nazareth (d. c. 30 CE), one of the twelve apostles. For handing Jesus over to the authorities, as described in the gospels, he has become the epitome of the act of betrayal in the...
Definition
Old Testament
Old Testament is the Christian name for the books of the Jewish scriptures that constitute the first half of the Christian Bible. "Old" in this sense was a means to distinguish Judaism from Christianity at the creation of the New Testament...
Definition
Helen (Play)
Helen is a Greek tragedy by Euripides (c. 484-407 BCE). It is usually thought to have first been performed at the Great Dionysia of 412 BCE and was part of the trilogy that included Euripides' lost Andromeda. Helen recounts an unusual version...
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Map of the Islamic Conquests in the 7th-9th Centuries
This map illustrates the rise and rapid expansion of Islam from the time of the Prophet Muhammad (622–632 CE) through the great caliphates of the 7th to 9th centuries. Beginning in Arabia, the new faith and its armies spread under the Rashidun...
Video
The Rise and Fall of the Medieval Islamic Empire - Petra Sijpesteijn & Birte Kristiansen
Trace the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire, from the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century to the sacking of Baghdad. In the 7th century CE, the prophet Muhammad united the people of the Arabian Peninsula through the formation of Islam...
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Muhammad Conquers Mecca & Destroys Its Idols
This illustrated manuscript depicts the Muslim army after their conquest of Mecca, it also shows the destruction of the idols inside the Ka'aba. Muhammad himself is not depicted, as depicting a prophet is considered taboo in Islamic tradition...
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Entrance to the Cave of Hira
The entrance to the Cave of Hira, a holy site for Muslims located in Jabal al-Nour, a mountain near Mecca. According to Islamic tradition, the Cave of Hira is where Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation in 610 CE.