Poland: Did you mean...?

An oil-on-canvas c. 1680 portrait of John III Sobieski (aka Jan Sobieski, reign 1674-96), ruler of Poland-Lithuania. The artist is disputed but may be Daniel Schultz or Andreas Stech. (National Museum, Warsaw)

A 1641 illustration of the Polish Sejm or Parliament (National Library of Poland).

Baranów Sandomierski Castle, Poland, built in the 1590s.

Metsamor, which is located 32 km (20 mi) west of Yerevan, Armenia is one of the most interesting archaeological sites in the Caucasus. While first settled and founded as a Bronze Age city, people continuously...

The Peace of Westphalia (1648), concluded through treaties signed at Osnabrück and Münster (May-October 1648), marked the end of two major conflicts: the Thirty...

A 1778 oil-on-canvas painting, Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw, by Bernardo Bellotto. (Royal Castle, Warsaw)

Polonia 1863 (Poland Enchained), oil on canvas painting by Jan Matejko, 1864. Depicted in Matejko's allegorical artwork is the ill-fated January Uprising of 1863, with the central figure in black, a personification...

Medieval and early modern buildings in Gdańsk (Poland). When these buildings were constructed, Gdańsk was still part of Poland, but the city's inhabitants were mainly German-speakers and called the city Danzig. Photo by...

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543 CE) was a Polish astronomer who famously proposed that the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun in a heliocentric system and not, as then widely thought, in a geocentric system where...

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was a Swiss philosopher whose work both praised and criticised the Enlightenment movement. Although a believer in the power of reason, science, and the arts, Rousseau was convinced that a...