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Kosrau I (r. 531-579 CE) was the greatest king of the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) in virtually every aspect of his reign. He reformed the military, the Persian government, expanded his territories, engaged in large-scale building projects...

The ancient city of Aquileia was situated near the head of the Adriatic Sea west of the Roman province of Illyria. The strategic location of the city served a crucial role in the expansion of the Roman Republic by serving as a buffer against...

Frodi (Old Icelandic: Fróði) is the name of legendary Danish kings in Norse mythology. There is a whole range of kings bearing the same name, pointing to fascinating traditions in both Old Icelandic and continental Germanic storytelling...

Postumus was Roman emperor from 260 to 269 CE. Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus was a trusted military commander of Emperor Gallienus (253-268 CE) and governor or Germania Superior and Inferior (Upper and Lower Germany). After the death...

Hamaxia (now known as Sinek Kalesi or Sinekkalesi, near the modern Alanya) was a city in western Cilicia in southern Turkey known for its lush landscape, cedar forests, and thriving timber export business. It was located on a high hill near...

A map of the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus 27 BCE - 14 CE. Yellow areas indicate the empire prior to Augustus' reign, green areas those gained subsequently, violet areas are client states of Rome.

This infographic illustrates the succession of Roman emperors from 96 to 180 CE, commonly referred to as the Five Good Emperors - Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. This term, unknown to the Romans themselves, was...

The period from Augustus (reign 27 BCE-14 CE) to Diocletian (reign 284-305 CE) marks the consolidation and transformation of Roman imperial rule across nearly three centuries. Emerging from the collapse of the Republic, Augustus established...

Marble statue of Emperor Augustus (27 BC-34 CE) dressed in his role as the high priest Pontifex Maximus, Corinth Archeological Museum.

The Mongol invasions of Japan took place in 1274 and 1281 CE when Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294 CE) sent two huge fleets from Korea and China. In both cases, the Japanese, and especially the samurai warriors, vigorously defended their shores...