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Map of Emperor Hadrian’s 4 Journeys Across the Roman Empire - Frontiers, Diplomacy & Imperial Power, 117–133 CE
The Roman Empire under Hadrian (reign 117–138 CE) marked a shift from the expansionism of Trajan toward consolidation, frontier security, and closer imperial...
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Cleopatra Selene II
Portrait head of Cleopatra Selene II (40 to c. 5 BCE), daughter of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII who became the queen of Mauretania upon her marriage to King Juba II of Numidia (48 BCE to 23 CE). Archaeological Museum of...
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Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
The Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania in Tipaza, Algeria was built in 3 BCE by Juba II of Numidia (c. 50 BCE – c. 25 CE) and his wife Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – c. 5 BCE). This tomb may have been the final resting place...
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Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania, Algeria
The Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania near Tipasa in Algeria is a funerary monument built in 3 BCE by Juba II of Numidia (c. 50 BCE- c. 25 CE) and his wife Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE-c. 5 BCE). This tomb may have...
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Masinissa
Coin depicting Masinissa, the first king of Numidia, who reigned from 202 BCE-148 BCE.
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Ancient Desert Warfare
An artist's impression of ancient desert warfare in northern Africa, in this case depicting the Kushite army doing battle with the Masaesyli. The kingdom of Kush, situated in northern Africa, flourished between c. 1069 BCE...
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Triumph of Venus Mosaic
The Triumph of Venus mosaic was found at Khenchela (ancient Mascula, a Roman colony in Numidia) in Algeria. Venus is supported by two marine centaurs. Below are a hippocamp, a marine bull, and a fishing scene in which a...
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Scipio Africanus Freeing Massiva
As described by the Roman historian Livy (1st century BC), the youthful Massiva was the nephew of a prince of Numidia in present-day Algeria who had supported Scipio Africanus (a Roman general so known because of...
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Mithraeum of Castellum Tidditanorum (Tiddis), Algeria
The Mithraeum of Castellum Tidditanorum in Numidia (modern Tiddis in Algeria) was a rock-cut sanctuary on the hillside dedicated to the god Mithras (dated 2nd-3rd century CE). At the entrance to the...
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Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, Louvre
A marble bust of King Ptolemy of Mauretania (c. 10 BCE - c. 40 CE). Ptolemy was the son of Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II, making him a descendant of both the Berber rulers of Numidia and the Ptolemaic dynasty...