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Roman architecture continued the legacy left by Greek architects and the established architectural orders, especially the Corinthian. The Romans were also innovators and they combined new construction techniques and materials with creative...

Gnosticism is the belief that human beings contain a piece of God (the highest good or a divine spark) within themselves, which has fallen from the immaterial world into the bodies of humans. All physical matter is subject to decay, rotting...

Representatives of the first Iranian Majlis (parliament) in front of the military academy, which served as the first parliament building, Tehran, 1906. National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, World Digital Library.

Proposed Sydney Harbour Bridge design by Francis Ernest Stowe, Australian architect and engineer, 1922. The three-span bridge design that would link Millers Point with Balls Head and Balmain, featuring a central tower that would be a war...

Riggers on the Sydney Harbour Bridge during its construction, photo by Ted Hood, 1931. Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney.

The Java, a warship of the Dutch East Indies, berthing with the Sydney Harbour Bridge construction in the background, photo by Ted Hood, c. 1930-32. Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hadrian’s Villa near Tivoli, Italy, is an opulent, sprawling garden-villa covering some 120 hectares (296 acres). It was built by Emperor Hadrian (76-138 CE) between 125-134 CE for use as his country estate, although the land may have originally...

The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian royal family that ruled Ptolemaic Egypt from 323 to 30 BCE. It was founded by Ptolemy I, a general and successor of Alexander the Great. They built Alexandria, including the Lighthouse of Alexandria...

The Book of Kells (c. 800) is an illuminated manuscript of the four gospels of the Christian New Testament, currently housed at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. The work is the most famous of the medieval illuminated manuscripts for the...

Christine de Pizan (also given as Christine de Pisan, l. 1364 - c. 1430) was the first female professional writer of the Middle Ages and the first woman of letters in France. Her best-known works advocated for greater equality and respect...