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Ancient Korea
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Korea

Korea, located on a large peninsula on the eastern coast of the Asian mainland, has been inhabited since Neolithic times. The first recognisable political state was Gojoseon in the second half of the first millennium BCE. From the 1st century...
Map of the Olmec Civilization
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Olmec Civilization

The Olmec civilization, flourishing along the Gulf Coast of Mexico between c. 1200 and 400 BCE, represents one of the earliest complex societies in Mesoamerica and is often described as its “mother culture.” Emerging in the fertile lowlands...
Toltec Civilization
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Toltec Civilization

The Toltec civilization flourished in ancient central Mexico between the 10th and mid-12th centuries. Continuing the Mesoamerican heritage left to them by earlier cultures, the Toltecs built an impressive capital at Tollan. Ultimately, they...
Templo Mayor
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Templo Mayor - The Aztecs' Greatest Temple

The Templo Mayor or Great Temple (called Hueteocalli by the Aztecs) dominated the central sacred precinct of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. Topped by twin temples dedicated to the war god Huitzilopochtli and the rain god Tlaloc it was a...
Quetzalcóatl
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Quetzalcóatl

Quetzalcóatl (pron. Quet-zal-co-at) or 'Plumed Serpent' was one of the most important gods in ancient Mesoamerica. Quetzalcóatl was the god of winds and rain, and the creator of the world and humanity. A mix of bird and rattlesnake, his name...
Sun Stone
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sun Stone

The Aztec Sun Stone (or Calendar Stone) depicts the five consecutive worlds of the sun from Aztec mythology. The stone is not, therefore, in any sense a functioning calendar, but rather it is an elaborately carved solar disk, which for the...
Ming Porcelain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ming Porcelain

The porcelain of the Ming Dynasty of China (1368-1644 CE) benefitted, as did other arts, from the economic success of the 15th century CE, in particular, and the consequent surge in demand for quality handcraft production both at home and...
Qilin (Chinese Unicorn)
Definition by Joanne Taylor

Qilin (Chinese Unicorn)

The qilin (麒麟, or simply lin 麟) is a Chinese mythical creature, frequently translated as "Chinese unicorn." While this term may suggest a one-horned creature, the qilin is often depicted with two horns. However, like the Western unicorn...
Three Kingdoms Period in Korea
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Three Kingdoms Period in Korea

The Three Kingdoms Period of ancient Korea (57 BCE – 668 CE) is so-called because it was dominated by the three kingdoms of Baekje (Paekche), Goguryeo (Koguryo), and Silla. There was also, though, a fourth entity, the Gaya (Kaya) confederation...
Tikal
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Tikal

Tikal, located in the north of the Petén region of Guatemala, was a major Maya city which flourished between 300 and 850 CE. The city, known to the Maya themselves as Mutul, is one of the grandest in Mesoamerica. Amongst the first Maya cities...
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