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Camel Riders Discovering a Lush Valley
Artist's impression of camel riders discovering a lush mountain valley. The camel was a common mode of transport in Africa and the Middle East during ancient, medieval and early modern times.

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Moselle Valley
The Moselle Valley is known as Germany's oldest wine-growing region and is home to the world's steepest vineyards. The Romans brought viticulture to this area and planted vines along the Moselle River 2000 years ago. Along the entire Moselle...

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Yarmouk Valley
Across the ravines lies the battlefield of Yarmouk (636 CE), a picture taken 8 miles from battlefield, from Jordan.

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Reconstructed Funerary Temple in the Moselle Valley
Along the entire Moselle from Trier to Koblenz in Germany, archaeologists have found remains of Roman estates, temples, mausolea, and various wine presses at the foot of several vineyard slopes. Nehren was apparently the location of a large...

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A Valley at Boeotia
The landscape of Boeotia, Greece during the spring from the monastery of Hosios Loukas near the town of Distomo.

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Pit River Valley, Modoc County, California
The Pit River winds through the Modoc Plateau, once the home of the Native American Modoc nation. Photograph by Robert F. Ettner, Natural Resources Staff Officer, Siskiyou National Forest, US Forest Service, 2006.

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Rock Drawings of Valcamonica
The rock drawings of Valcamonica are prehistoric petroglyphs carved in the glacier-polished, grey-purple Permian sandstone of the Camonica valley that extends for 90 km in the Italian provinces of Brescia and Bergamo in Lombardy. The name...

Definition
The Vedas
The Vedas are the religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”). The term veda means “knowledge” in that they are thought to contain the fundamental knowledge...

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Gandhara Civilization
The Gandhara Civilization existed in what is now Northern Pakistan and Afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium BCE to the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time...

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Ancient Geography of India
The first text in Greek devoted entirely to India was written by Ctesias in the fourth century BCE. Only fragments of it survive. Yet he was probably the most widely quoted author on India, although Aristotle treated him with contempt. However...