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The Famous Baths of the Roman Empire
Roman Baths were designed for bathing and relaxing and were a common feature of cities throughout the Roman empire. Baths included a wide diversity of rooms with different temperatures, as well as swimming pools and places to read, relax...
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Faces of Roman Emperors: Imperial Crisis & the Barracks Emperors
A series of facial reconstructions of Roman emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE), including the Gordian Emperors. These so-called "Barracks emperors" seized power during a time of turmoil, and their reigns were typically...
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Frigidarium of the Roman Baths in Varna
The frigidarium (cold room) of the Roman Baths of Odessos (modern-day Varna, Bulgaria). The baths were built around the end of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd century CE under Roman emperor Septimius Severus. They cover over 7000 square...
Article
Louis XVI, the Girondins, & the Road to Revolutionary War (1791-92)
On 20 April 1792, King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) stood before the Legislative Assembly and, with a faltering voice, read a declaration of war against Austria, to the ecstatic delight of the gathered deputies. This declaration sealed...
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Visitor’s Guide to the Monuments of Hadrian’s Villa
Hadrian’s Villa near Tivoli, Italy, is an opulent, sprawling garden-villa covering some 120 hectares (296 acres). It was built by Emperor Hadrian (76-138 CE) between 125-134 CE for use as his country estate, although the land may have originally...
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Treasures of Roman Tunisia - 10 Key Sites Explored
Set on the North African coast, Tunisia is home to some of the finest Roman ruins in the Mediterranean. After the fall of Carthage, Rome transformed the region into the prosperous province of Africa, enriched by its fertile plains and bustling...
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
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Visitor’s Guide to Carsulae (San Damiano)
Carsulae in Umbria, central Italy, was founded c. 300 BCE and only became a prosperous urban centre after it was connected by the Via Flaminia towards the end of the 3rd century BCE. It was granted the status of municipium and acquired a...
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Plan of the Old Baths of Pompeii
Plan of the Old Baths at Pompeii. Legend A — atrium B — apodyterium (room for undressing) C — frigidarium (cool bath) D — tepidarium (warm room) E — caldarium (hot bath) F — thermal chamber G — women's tepidarium H — women's apodyterium...
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Baths of Antoninus, Carthage
Ruins of the Baths of Antoninus in Carthage, photograph by Carole Raddato, Tunisia, 12 February, 2023. The Baths of Antoninus in Carthage (modern-day Tunis) are a huge Roman bath complex built between 145 and 162 CE, primarily during the...