Holy roman: Did you mean...?

The Protestant Reformation was a period of religious history marked by a great defining, debating, and divergence on what it meant to be an orthodox, faithful Christian. To this end, many theologians offered their own explanations of the...

This map illustrates the emergence of the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-10th century, following the final division of the Eastern and Western Frankish realms in the late 9th century. Under Otto I (r. as German king 936–973; crowned Holy Roman...

The Peace of Westphalia, the name given to the multiple treaties, marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. Signed on 24 October 1648, it aimed to secure political autonomy for the multitude of small states that made up the Holy Roman...

Map of the Holy Roman Empire depicting its boundaries under the rule of Otto I in 972 CE and Conrad II in 1032 CE.

Map of the Holy Roman Empire depicting its boundaries following the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 CE.

A 1532 portrait by Jakob Seisenegger of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1519-56) with his dog. (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Portrait of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (l. 1747-92), wearing a field marshal's uniform. Painted in the workshop of Jean-Marc Nattier, c. 1790.

Portrait of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500-1558), line engraving on paper by Barthel Berham. Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.

Portrait of Emperor Leopold I as a young man, wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece, oil on canvas by Benjamin Block, 1631-1689. Private collection. This portrait of the young monarch is rare as it depicts Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor...

Part of Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim depicting Charles IV. Tempera on limewood, before 1371. National Museum, Prague.