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Battle of Gaugamela
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Battle of Gaugamela

The Battle of Gaugamela (1st October 331 BCE, also known as the Battle of Arbela) was the final meeting between Alexander the Great of Macedon and King Darius III of Persia. After this victory, Alexander was, without question, the King of...
Headless Statue of Darius the Great
Image by Carole Raddato

Headless Statue of Darius the Great

Headless, 2.5-metre tall (8.2 feet) granite statue of Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) originally made to be set up in Egypt and found in 1972 in Susa on the west side of the Gate of Darius. Darius the Great is dressed in the Persian robe but in...
Tomb of Darius I, Naqsh-e Rustam
Image by درفش کاویانی

Tomb of Darius I, Naqsh-e Rustam

Tomb of Darius I, Naqsh-e Rustam, near Persepolis, Iran, c. 522–486 BCE
Court of Darius the Great
Image by Ancient History Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers

Court of Darius the Great

A modern recreation of the court of Darius the Great (r. 522-486 BCE), by Zvonimir Grbasic. Courtesy of Ancient History Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.
Relief of Darius I from Persepolis
Image by درفش کاویانی

Relief of Darius I from Persepolis

Relief of Darius I from Persepolis, 522-486 BCE
Palace of Darius in Susa
Image by Carole Raddato

Palace of Darius in Susa

The foundations of the Palace of Darius the Great at Susa (Iran), the capital of Elam and of the Achaemenid Empire. The palace was built on a 12-hectare (29.6 acres) artificial platform and occupied five hectares (12.3 acres). It consisted...
The Apadana of the Palace of Darius in Susa
Image by Carole Raddato

The Apadana of the Palace of Darius in Susa

The Apadana (audience hall) of the Palace of Darius in Susa (Iran) was a large hypostyle room of 36 columns. Measuring 109 metres (357 feet) on each side, it was very similar to that of Persepolis in plan and dimensions with distinctive Persian...
The Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BCE
Article by Grant

The Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BCE

After securing the eastern Mediterranean seaboard and Egypt, Alexander the Great pushed east into Mesopotamia with the intention of bringing Darius to battle. After crossing the Euphrates River unopposed, he marched his army eastward along...
Achaemenid Empire
Definition by Peter Davidson

Achaemenid Empire

East of the Zagros Mountains, a high plateau stretches off towards India. While Egypt was rising up against the Hyksos, a wave of pastoral tribes from north of the Caspian Sea was drifting down into this area and across into India. By the...
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Video by Smarthistory

Capital of a column from the audience hall of the palace of Darius I, Susa, c. 510 B.C.E.

Capital of a column from the audience hall of the palace of Darius I, Susa, c. 510 B.C.E., Achaemenid, Tell of the Apadana, Susa, Iran (Louvre) Speakers: Dr. Steven Zucker & Dr. Beth Harris
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