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Mithra
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mithra

Mithra is the Persian god of the rising sun, contracts, covenants, and friendship. He also oversaw the orderly change of the seasons, maintained cosmic order, and was responsible for bestowing divine grace on kings, legitimizing their rule...
Faravahar
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Faravahar

The faravahar is the best-known symbol from ancient Persia of the winged sun disk with a seated male figure in the center. It is thought to represent Ahura Mazda, the god of Zoroastrianism, but has also been interpreted to signify other concepts...
2600 years of history in one object (Neil MacGregor)
Video by TED

2600 years of history in one object (Neil MacGregor)

http://www.ted.com A clay cylinder covered in Akkadian cuneiform script, damaged and broken, the Cyrus Cylinder is a powerful symbol of religious tolerance and multi-culturalism. In this enthralling talk Neil MacGregor, Director of the British...
Map of Persia and the March of the Ten Thousand
Image by US Military Academy

Map of Persia and the March of the Ten Thousand

A map of Persia, indicating major settlements, regions, and mountain ranges, as well as the march of the Ten Thousand (dotted line). The Ten Thousand were a group of mercenary units, mainly Greek, drawn up by Cyrus the Younger to attempt...
Matt Waters
Image by Matt Waters

Matt Waters

Matt Waters, the author of King of the World: The Life of Cyrus the Great.
The Life of Antisthenes of Athens in Diogenes Laertius
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Life of Antisthenes of Athens in Diogenes Laertius

Antisthenes (c. 445-365 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic School of Athens. He was a follower of Socrates and appears in Plato's Phaedo as one of those present at Socrates' death. He is one of the primary interlocutors in...
Mesopotamia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamia - The Beginning of Beginnings

Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning "between two rivers") was an ancient region located in the Near East (Middle East) bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to modern-day...
Map of the Achaemenid Persian Empire c. 500 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Achaemenid Persian Empire c. 500 BCE

The Achaemenid Persian Empire emerged in the mid-6th century BCE when Cyrus II (reign 559–530 BCE) united the Persian tribes and overthrew the Median kingdom (c. 550 BCE), establishing a new imperial state that would reshape the political...
The Achaemenid Empire: Persia
Video by Khan Academy

The Achaemenid Empire: Persia

This video delves deeper into the reign of Cyrus the Great as he overthrows the Medians to establish the Achaemenid Empire, the first official Persian Empire.
Religion in the Ancient World
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Religion in the Ancient World - Order and the Spiritual Experience

Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning "restraint," or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning "to repeat, to read again," or, most likely, Religionem, "to show respect for what is sacred") is an organized system of beliefs and practices...
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