Civil: Did you mean...?

The Russian Civil War (1917–1922) was a multi-front conflict that followed the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik seizure of power. After Lenin’s October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks withdrew from World War I with the...

The Roman Civil War (49-45 BCE) was a decisive conflict that transformed the Roman Republic and accelerated the transition from republican government to autocratic rule. The war erupted after Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49 BCE in...

Photographic print of Ludwig Kohn, an injured American Civil War soldier, by Reed B. Bontecou, 1865. Reed B. Bontecou (1824-1907) was an American surgeon who recorded the wounds of Civil War soldiers, often including his own illustrations...

In early 1861, the United States entered the most severe constitutional and political crisis in its history. The election of Abraham Lincoln (president 1861–1865) triggered a wave of secessions beginning with South Carolina in December 1860...

Artificial Leg, photographic print, c. 1864. With more than 20,000 Union soldiers surviving surgical amputations in the last three years of the conflict, the scale and carnage of the American Civil War hastened advancements in the art and...

English Civil Wars (1642-51) pikemen and musketeer re-enactors of the Sealed Knot.

A gouache on paper painting titled The Civil War 1861-5 by Nicha Sursock. This is part of a series of 43 works representing the history of the USA. On the left, President Lincoln and Union Generals Ambrose Burnside and Ulysses Grant. On...

A cavalry helmet typical of those used during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Often known as a "three-bar pot" for its shape and face protection bars. Made of steel with copper, gold, and silver inlay. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York...

Members of the Sealed Knot, a British re-enactment group of the English Civil Wars (1642-51).

A detail of the Civil War memorial window showing different soldier types at St. Chad's Church, Farndon, Cheshire. Created after the Restoration of 1660.