Civil: Did you mean...?

English Civil Wars (1642-51) re-enactors of the Sealed Knot firing a cannon.

An example of the breastplate armour typically worn by infantry and some cavalry in the early stages of the English Civil War (1642-51). (Ludlow Museum, Shropshire, England)

An illustration of the fortifications of Bristol during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). The city was stormed by Royalists led by Prince Rupert (1619-82) on 26 July 1643. The city was then lost to the Parliamentarians in September 1645...

A re-enactment of a charge by pikemen as was seen at such engagements as the 1648 Battle of Maidstone during the English Civil War (1642-51). The event was 'Military Odyssey' in Kent in 2011.

This map depicts the territories under Julius Caesar and Roman Senate in the wake of the outbreak of Caesar's Civil War in 49 BCE in the Roman Republic. Caesar crossed the Rubicon and marched on Rome while Pompey, supported by the Senate...

A detail of a 16th century CE painted scroll showing students taking the civil service examinations which were used to select government officials throughout the history of imperial China. (Beijing Palace Museum)

A painting of the British Crown Jewels used before the English Civil Wars (1642-51). These were broken up and sold off following the execution of Charles I of England in 1649.

The civil basilica (court of law and seat of the magistrates) lies on the eastern side of the forum of Volubilis (Morocco) and was built during the Severan dynasty between 193 and 235 CE. This imposing building is 42.2m long and 22.3m wide...

A portrait of Jiang Shunfu (1453-1504 CE), a civil servant of the first rank during the Ming Dynasty of China (1368-1644 CE). His rank is indicated by the two cranes rank badge on the front of his robes. (Nanjing Museum, China)

Siege damage to the Chester City Walls following the First English Civil War, 1645 - 1646 CE.