Baltic states: Did you mean...?

Swords of the Warring States Period (481-221 BCE) in China. The left sword is of iron while the other two are of bronze. (Shaanxi Provincial Museum, Xian, China)

A bronze helmet from the Yin state. Warring States Period (481-221 BCE).

The trigger and firing mechanism of a crossbow from the Chinese Warring States Period, 3rd century BCE (possible a century later during the Han Dynasty). Bronze inlaid with silver.

The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was a military campaign organised by the Pope and European nobles to recapture the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia which had fallen in 1144 to the Muslim Seljuk Turks. Despite an army of 60,000 and the presence...

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095...

A map indicating the major ancient and medieval states in sub-Saharan Africa. Areas and dates relate to a state at its peak. In addition, shaded areas are approximate indicators only. For the majority of the states, their precise borders...

The Indo-European languages are a family of related languages that today are widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, and also Western and Southern Asia. Just as languages such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are all descended from...

This map illustrates the city-states of Classical Greece around 500 BCE, highlighting the rise of the polis system and the growing reach of Hellenic influence along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. The period saw Athens and Sparta...

A map of the Hittite Empire and surrounding states, including the Assyrian Empire, the Egyptian Empire, and Ahhiyawa. This map is an extract from the book Empires of Bronze by Gordon Doherty, republished with permission.

A map indicating the extent of the Tang empire (618-907 CE) and its neighbouring states and tribes people.