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Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles
Image by Gilbert Stuart

Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles

Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles, oil on canvas portrait by Gilbert Stuart, 1798. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. A French noble and brother-in-law to the Marquis de Lafayette, Noailles fought in the American Revolutionary War. His...
Allied Bombing of Germany
Article by Mark Cartwright

Allied Bombing of Germany

The Allied strategic bombing of Germany during World War II (1939-45) involved British and U.S. bomber planes attacking industrial cities, factories, railways, airfields, and dams. Over 600,000 civilians died as a consequence. The campaign...
The Invasion of Poland in 1939
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Invasion of Poland in 1939

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ordered the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Hitler's refusal to withdraw brought a declaration of war from Britain and France on 3 September, and so began the Second World War (1939-45...
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen) is a human rights document adopted in the early stages of the French Revolution (1789-1799). Inspired by Enlightenment Age principles...
Battle of Kiev in 1941
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Kiev in 1941

The Battle of Kiev (Kyiv) in July-September 1941 was a major Axis victory in Operation Barbarossa, Adolf Hitler's attack on the USSR during the Second World War (1939-45). Hitler wanted the resources of Ukraine since these would allow the...
Timeline & Battles of King Philip's War
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Timeline & Battles of King Philip's War

King Philip's War (1675-1678) was the pivotal engagement between the second generation of English immigrants who had arrived in New England and the Native American tribes of the region. The English won the war, and the natives lost not only...
Battle of the Nile
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of the Nile

The Battle of the Nile (1-2 August 1798), or the Battle of Aboukir Bay, saw a British fleet led by Rear-Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson (1758-1805) destroy a French fleet at Aboukir Bay near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile River. It was one of the...
Siege of Yorktown
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Siege of Yorktown

The Siege of Yorktown (28 September to 19 October 1781) was the final major military operation of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It resulted in the surrender of British general Lord Charles Cornwallis, whose army had been trapped...
Battle of Preston in 1648
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Preston in 1648

The Battle of Preston between 17 and 20 August 1648 occurred during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) and saw Oliver Cromwell lead Parliament's New Model Army to victory against an Anglo-Scottish army which supported King Charles I of England...
The Death of Ur-Nammu
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Death of Ur-Nammu

The Death of Ur-Nammu is a Sumerian lament over the passing of the king Ur-Nammu (r. 2047-2030 BCE), founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur, who was killed in battle fighting the Gutians in 2030 BCE. The poem is frequently cited for its depiction...
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