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Akkad and the Akkadian Empire
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Akkad and the Akkadian Empire

Akkad was the seat of the Akkadian Empire (2334-2218 BCE), the first multi-national political entity in the world, founded by Sargon the Great (r. 2334-2279 BCE) who unified Mesopotamia under his rule and set the model for later Mesopotamian...
Akkadian Bronze Peg with Inscriptions
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Akkadian Bronze Peg with Inscriptions

This is the oldest inscribed object among the Sulaimaniya Museum's collections. The cuneiform inscriptions can be seen on the upper surface of the peg. 3rd millennium BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq).
Pottery Basin from Akkadian period
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Pottery Basin from Akkadian period

This large pottery basin was decorated with a human face and dates back to the Akkadian period, 2350-2156 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq).
Mesopotamian Literature
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Literature

Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes, who had formerly been record keepers, began composing original works in the region of Sumer. The Sumerians invented writing c. 3500 BCE, refined the script c. 3200 BCE...
The Mesopotamian Pantheon
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Mesopotamian Pantheon

The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this, Marduk should not be regarded as King of the Gods in the same...
Sargon of Akkad
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sargon of Akkad

Sargon of Akkad (r. 2334 - 2279 BCE) was the king of the Akkadian Empire of Mesopotamia, the first multi-national empire in history, who united the disparate kingdoms of the region under a central authority. He is equally famous today as...
Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
Akkadian Stele of Ilšu-rabi from Tell Abu Sheeja
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Akkadian Stele of Ilšu-rabi from Tell Abu Sheeja

The stele was found at Tell Abu Sheeja, north of modern-day Amarah city, Maysan Governorate, Iraq. The Old Akkadian cuneiform inscription on the left side of the viewer mentions the name of the city of Pašime. Pašime lies western to the ancient...
Akkadian Ruler
Image by Sumerophile

Akkadian Ruler

Bronze head of an Akkadian ruler, probably Sargon the Great, c. 23rd - 22nd century BCE.
Stele of the Akkadian king Naram-Sin
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Stele of the Akkadian king Naram-Sin

According to the inscription on the diorite piece of stele, it belongs to King Naram-Sin. It was found in Pir Hüseyin, a village near Diyarbakır. As it shows the borders of the Akkadian State in the era of Naram-Sin and reflects the artistic...
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