Vedic Age: Did you mean...?

This collection on the Vikings, who dominated northern Europe from c. 790 CE to c. 1100 CE, examines not only their fearsome reputation for war and invasion but also their celebrated ships, navigational skills, and runes writing system. In...

The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms...

Ancient India in the Vedic Period (c. 1500-1000 BCE) did not have social stratification based on socio-economic indicators; rather, citizens were classified according to their Varna or castes. 'Varna' can literally mean 'colour' but in ancient...

The Aegean world of the Bronze Age (c. 3000–1100 BCE) was shaped by shifting centers of power, interaction, and cultural exchange, most notably between the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. The Minoans (c. 2000–1450 BCE), based on Crete...

The Upanishads are the philosophical-religious texts of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”) which develop and explain the fundamental tenets of the religion. The name is translated as to “sit...

Mithra is the Persian god of the rising sun, contracts, covenants, and friendship. He also oversaw the orderly change of the seasons, maintained cosmic order, and was responsible for bestowing divine grace on kings, legitimizing their rule...

The Late Bronze Age Collapse (c. 1200–1150 BCE) marks a period of profound political and economic breakdown across the Aegean, Eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. Highly interconnected palace-based societies, dependent on centralized...

This map illustrates the extent of the La Tène culture, a key phase of the European Iron Age that flourished from around 450 BCE until the Roman conquests in the 1st century BCE. It highlights the widespread influence of early Celtic societies...

A collection of modern recreations of Stone Age tools. The picture above shows (from top right to bottom left): - A hatchet with a wing spar, used for felling trees - A straight hatchet for shortening smaller pieces of wood (with a piece...

Modern recreations of Stone Age tools: knives, arrows, hatchets, axes, and daggers, made of deer antlers. Pile-Dwelling Museum in Unteruhldingen at Lake Constance, Germany.