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Signing of the Treaties of Alliance between the US and France, 1778
Signing of the Treaties of Alliance between the US and France in 1778, which led to France's entry into the American Revolutionary War. Reproduction of an oil on canvas painting by Charles Elliott Mills, c. 1900-1920. The original is in the...

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Strabo
A 16th century CE engraving depicting Strabo, the Greek geographer and historian (c. 64 BCE - c. 24 CE). (Potraits from the Dibner Library of the History and Science of Technology)

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10th-century Equatorium
Equatorium of Jafar al-Khazin (900-971 CE).
Istanbul Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Islam.

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Viking Game Pieces
Decorative game pieces may have been used to play checkers or backgammon, two games known in Viking Age Scandinavia through trade with the Middle East. These pieces are made from wood and date to c. 800-1000 CE. They are Norwegian in provenance...

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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning 'between two rivers') was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to modern-day...

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Ancient India
India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. The name 'Bharata' is used as a designation for the country in their constitution referencing the ancient mythological emperor, Bharata, whose story is told, in part...

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Ancient China
Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which was translated as 'Cin' by the Persians...

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Greek Alphabet
The Greek Alphabet developed from the Phoenician script at some point around the 8th century BCE. The earlier Mycenaean Linear B script, used primarily for lists and inventories, had been lost during the Greek Dark Age, and the technology...

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Edo Period
The Edo period refers to the years from 1603 until 1868 when the Tokugawa family ruled Japan. The era is named after the city of Edo, modern-day Tokyo, where the Tokugawa shogunate had its government. It is also sometimes referred to as the...

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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan (aka Chinggis Khan) was the founder of the Mongol Empire which he ruled from 1206 until his death in 1227. Born Temujin, he acquired the title of Genghis Khan, likely meaning 'universal ruler’, after unifying the Mongol tribes...