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The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE
A map illustrating the city-states of Classical Greece around 500 BCE and depicting the expansion of Hellenic influence along the coasts of the Mediterranean and Black sea and the formation and scope of the Delian League, under Athenian hegemony...
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Map of the Indus Valley Civilization, c.3300-1300 BCE - Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and the Roots of Civilization in the Bronze Age Subcontinent
This map illustrates the extent and key urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 3300–1300 BCE), one of the world’s earliest complex societies. Spanning parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, this civilization was...
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Map of Early Human Migrations
This map illustrates the early global migrations of Homo sapiens—our species’ remarkable journey from Africa to every inhabitable continent. Tracing movements that began over hundreds of thoussands of years ago, it highlights how small bands...
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Islamic Conquests in the 7th-9th Centuries
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of early Islamic caliphates from the Prophet Muhammad until the 9th century.
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Map of the Aztec Empire, c. 1427–1521 - The Rise and Fall of Mesoamerica’s Warrior Kings
This map illustrates the origins and territorial expansion of the Aztec Empire in Mesoamerica between the 14th and 16th centuries. Emerging from a network of Nahua-speaking city-states in central and southern Mexico, the empire rose to dominate...
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Prominent Cities of Europe from Antiquity to the Present
A map of Europe displaying important cities that shaped its history, from antiquity to the present. Cities on the map represent key centers throughout history. Each city represents a distinct period from Athens, Rome, and Constantinople (now...
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Map of Marco Polo’s Travels, 1271 - 1295
This map illustrates Marco Polo's travels (1271 - 1295), which spanned vast regions of Asia, including the Middle East, Central Asia, and China, where he served at the court of Kublai Khan. Polo journeyed along the Silk Road, encountering...
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Map of the United States on the Eve of Civil War, 1861 - Free States, Slave States, and the Fracturing of the Union
This map illustrates the political landscape of the United States in 1861, just as the nation stood on the brink of civil war. It highlights the division between free and slave states, the status of U.S. territories, and the emerging Confederacy...
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Map of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
This map illustrates the rise and territorial expansion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (circa 911–609 BCE), a dominant Mesopotamian power that emerged after earlier phases of Assyrian history. Unlike their predecessors, Neo-Assyrian kings pursued...
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Map of Operation Barbarossa
This map illustrates the unfolding of Operation Barbarossa, the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, launched on June 22, 1941 during the Second World War (1939-45). It was the largest military operation in history...
