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Battle of Pydna
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Battle of Pydna

The Battle of Pydna in June 168 BCE was a decisive Roman victory that ended the Third Macedonian War and established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Roman Republic was expanding, enlarging its sphere of influence along...
De Officiis
Definition by João Dickmann

De Officiis

De Officiis is a treatise written by Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), Roman statesman and orator, in the form of a letter to his son just after the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Strongly influenced by stoicism, De Officiis is divided...
Jugurtha
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Jugurtha

Jugurtha (r. 118-105 BCE) was King of Numidia in North Africa and grandson of the first Numidian king Masinissa (r. c. 202-148 BCE). He was the illegitimate son of Mastanabal, Masinissa's youngest son, and was the least likely of Masinissa's...
Utica
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Utica

Utica (also Utique), 33km north of Tunis, was the first Phoenician colony on the North African coast. The strategically important port was an ally to Carthage in the First Punic War, but the city switched sides in the Second and Third Punic...
Cilicia Campestris
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Cilicia Campestris

Cilicia Campestris was one of the six districts of the Roman province of Cilicia organized by Pompey the Great (l. c. 106-48 BCE) in 64 BCE. The name translates roughly into “Cilicia of the Plains” and corresponds to the earlier name for...
Territories During the Second Punic War
Image by Javierfv1212

Territories During the Second Punic War

The territories involved in the Second Punic War, 218 and 201 BCE. Red = Roman Pink = Roman Allies Blue = Carthaginian Light Blue = Carthaginian Allies
The Battle of Zama - Troop Deployment
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Troop Deployment

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE) - Roman and Carthaginian troop deployment.
Battle of Zama
Image by Sailko

Battle of Zama

A 16th century CE painting depicting the Battle of Zama between Rome and Carthage in 202 BCE.
The Battle of Zama - Elephant Charge
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Elephant Charge

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Roman right wing charges and routs the Carthaginian cavalry, followed by the Roman left wing routing the Carthaginian right wing. Remaining elephants are lured through the lanes and killed.
The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE)
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE)

A map illustrating the outbreak and course of the Second Punic War, a series of prolonged military conflicts between the Carthaginian (Punic) empire and the Roman Republic for domination over the western Mediterranean. Began in 218 BCE with...
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