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The Battle of Pydna in June 168 BCE was a decisive Roman victory that ended the Third Macedonian War and established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Roman Republic was expanding, enlarging its sphere of influence...

De Officiis is a treatise written by Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), Roman statesman and orator, in the form of a letter to his son just after the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Strongly influenced by stoicism, De Officiis...

Utica (also Utique), 33km north of Tunis, was the first Phoenician colony on the North African coast. The strategically important port was an ally to Carthage in the First Punic War, but the city switched sides in the Second and Third...

Cilicia Campestris was one of the six districts of the Roman province of Cilicia organized by Pompey the Great (l. c. 106-48 BCE) in 64 BCE. The name translates roughly into “Cilicia of the Plains” and corresponds to the earlier...

Side (pronounced see-day) was a city on the southern coast of Cilicia (modern-day Turkey) first settled in the 7th century BCE by immigrants from Cyme, an Aeolian municipality to the north near the kingdom of Lydia. Its name means 'pomegranate'...

The territories involved in the Second Punic War, 218 and 201 BCE. Red = Roman Pink = Roman Allies Blue = Carthaginian Light Blue = Carthaginian Allies

A 16th century CE painting depicting the Battle of Zama between Rome and Carthage in 202 BCE.

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE) - Roman and Carthaginian troop deployment.

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Roman right wing charges and routs the Carthaginian cavalry, followed by the Roman left wing routing the Carthaginian right wing. Remaining elephants are lured through the lanes and...

Did you know that Carthage lost the Punic Wars primarily by not supporting its troops? This video is all about the Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome and how the Carthaginians were defeated...