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Holy Roman Empire
Definition by Simon Duits

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
Vigilant’s Station, Hadrian's Villa
Image by Carole Raddato

Vigilant’s Station, Hadrian's Villa

The vigilant's station is a multi-level structure in Hadrian's Villa in Tivoly (Italy). It is referred to as "service buildings", and it is often associated with the vigilants or guards who protected the villa.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

To many historians, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE has always been viewed as the end of the ancient world and the onset of the Middle Ages, often improperly called the Dark Ages, despite Petrarch's assertion. Since...
Roman Cavalry
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Roman Cavalry

Cavalry, although never replacing infantry as the mainstay of the Roman army, could provide useful cover on the flanks of armies, could be used as a shock tactic to cause disruption to enemy infantry formations, and could pursue an enemy...
Roman Egypt
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Egypt

The rich lands of Egypt became the property of Rome after the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE, which spelled the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty that had ruled Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. After the murder of Gaius...
Roman Warfare in the Age of Pyrrhus
Article by Christopher L. Serafin

Roman Warfare in the Age of Pyrrhus

The Roman army fought many conflicts throughout its long history, though perhaps none so indelible as the Pyrrhic War from 280 to 275 BCE. This war between Rome and a league of Greek colonies in southern Italy led by the city of Tarentum...
Roman Auxiliary Cavalry
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Auxiliary Cavalry

The Roman army consisted of three separate divisions: the famed legions, the cavalry, and lastly, the auxiliaries. The auxiliaries (auxilia) were comprised of infantry cohorts, mounted infantry, and cavalry units or wings (alae). Although...
Baths at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy - Digital Reconstruction
Image by QS Supplies

Baths at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy - Digital Reconstruction

A digital reconstruction of what the at Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli, Italy may have looked like. Reconstruction created by NeoMam Studios, commissioned by QS Supplies.
The Roman Empire in West Africa
Article by Arienne King

The Roman Empire in West Africa

At its fullest extent, the Roman Empire stretched from around modern-day Aswan, Egypt at its southernmost point to Great Britain in the north but the influence of the Roman Empire went far beyond even the borders of its provinces as a result...
Roman Constitution
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Constitution

Roman constitution was an accumulation of laws, legal decisions, and ancient customs. While today 'constitution' usually refers to a single act of legislation, this was not the case in ancient Rome. Instead, Roman government relied on the...
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