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Gladius Hispaniensis
Definition

Gladius Hispaniensis - The Deadly Short Sword of the Romans

The gladius Hispaniensis or Spanish sword was first used by tribes in the Iberian peninsula and, following the Punic Wars, became the standard sword of Roman legionaries from the 2nd century BCE...
Palestine
Definition

Palestine - The Ancient Land of Canaan

In the ancient world, Palestine was part of the region known as Canaan, where the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah were located. The term "Philistia" (from which "Palestine" comes) initially referred to an area of...
Tigranocerta
Definition

Tigranocerta

Tigranocerta (Tigranakert) was a city in the southwest of ancient Armenia founded and made capital by Tigranes the Great in 83 BCE. Famous for its riches and fine buildings, as well as its mix of Hellenistic and Persian culture...
Cleopatra Selene II
Definition

Cleopatra Selene II

Cleopatra Selene II (40 - c. 5 BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty who became the queen of Mauretania upon her marriage to King Juba II of Numidia (48 BCE - 23 CE). Though more obscure than her famous mother, Cleopatra...
Side
Definition

Side

Side (pronounced see-day) was a city on the southern coast of Cilicia (modern-day Turkey) first settled in the 7th century BCE by immigrants from Cyme, an Aeolian municipality to the north near the kingdom of Lydia. Its name means 'pomegranate'...
Christianity
Definition

Christianity

Christianity is the world's largest religion, with 2.8 billion adherents. It is categorized as one of the three Abrahamic or monotheistic religions of the Western tradition along with Judaism and Islam. 'Christian' is derived from...
Hamaxia
Definition

Hamaxia

Hamaxia (now known as Sinek Kalesi or Sinekkalesi, near the modern Alanya) was a city in western Cilicia in southern Turkey known for its lush landscape, cedar forests, and thriving timber export business. It was located on a high hill...
The Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire
Video

The Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire

Did you know that the term Five Good Emperors is from the modern era? This video is all about five emperors of the Roman Empire that are collectively known as the good emperors. The first of the five...
The Roman-Parthian Conflict (53 BCE - 217 CE)
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The Roman-Parthian Conflict (53 BCE - 217 CE)

The Roman–Parthian conflict (53 BCE–217 CE) was a centuries-long struggle for dominance in Western Asia between the Roman Republic, later Empire, and the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. It began with Rome’s...
Map of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, c. 480 CE
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Map of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, c. 480 CE

The disintegration of the Western Roman Empire unfolded gradually during the Migration Period (c. 400–800 CE), as waves of migrating and invading peoples reshaped Europe. After the death of Theodosius...
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