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Organization of the Imperial Roman Army
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Organization of the Imperial Roman Army

The Imperial Roman Army formed the backbone of Roman power from the establishment of the Principate under Augustus (reign 27 BCE–14 CE) to the collapse of imperial authority in the West (c. 480 CE). More than...
The Baths of the Roman Empire
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The Baths of the Roman Empire - The Architecture of Daily Life

Public bathhouses (balnea and large imperial thermae) were a defining feature of urban life across the Roman Empire (27 BCE–476 CE in the West). Building on earlier bathing traditions in the...
The Assassination of Julius Caesar
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The Assassination of Julius Caesar

Veni, vidi, vici! This was the simple message the Roman commander Julius Caesar sent to the Senate in Rome after a resounding victory in the east against King Pharnaces of Pontus - a message that demonstrated both...
Map of the Roman Empire under Septimius Severus, 193-211 CE
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Map of the Roman Empire under Septimius Severus, 193-211 CE - Civil War, Roman Expansion, and the Rise of the Severans

The reign of Septimius Severus (193–211 CE) marked a turning point in Roman imperial history. Rising to power during the Year of the Five Emperors...
Interview: Conquering the Ocean by Richard Hingley
Interview

Interview: Conquering the Ocean by Richard Hingley

In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author Richard Hingly to chat about his new book Conquering the Ocean: The Roman Invasion of Britain published by Oxford University Press...
Dacia
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Dacia

Dacia was a region inhabited by the Dacians in the north of the Danube (modern Romania). The kingdom of Dacia was the creation of Burebistas (c. 80-44 BCE), who conquered and united several other Dacian principalities. Burebistas practically...
Commius
Definition

Commius

Commius was an Atrebates noble during Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars (58-50 BCE) who turned from Roman ally to indomitable foe. As king of the Atrebates, Commius ably served Caesar in Britannia and Gaul before becoming one of the main leaders...
Battle of Pydna
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Battle of Pydna

The Battle of Pydna in June 168 BCE was a decisive Roman victory that ended the Third Macedonian War and established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Roman Republic was expanding, enlarging its sphere of influence...
Investiture Controversy
Definition

Investiture Controversy

The Investiture Controversy, also referred to as the Investiture Contest or Investiture Dispute, was a conflict lasting from 1076 to 1122 between the papacy of the Catholic Church and the Salian Dynasty of German monarchs...
The Barracks Emperors
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The Barracks Emperors - Instability of Populist Rule

The "barracks emperors" is a term coined by later historians referring to the Roman emperors who were chosen and supported by the army during the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also...
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