Richard I: Did you mean...?

The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE) was a series of dynastic conflicts between the monarchy and the nobility of England. The 'wars' were a series of intermittent, often small-scale battles, executions, murders, and failed plots as the political...

Henry IV of England ruled as king from 1399 to 1413 CE. Known as Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster before he became king, Henry clashed with his cousin Richard II of England (r. 1377-1399 CE) and was exiled in 1397 CE. Returning to England...

The Battle of Flamborough Head (23 September 1779) was one of the most famous naval engagements of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Fought off the coast of Yorkshire, England, it pitted the USS Bonhomme Richard, commanded by John...

The Third Crusade (1189-1192 CE) was launched to retake Jerusalem after its fall to the Muslim leader Saladin in 1187 CE. The Crusade was led by three European monarchs, hence its other name of 'the Kings' Crusade'. The three leaders were...

"The Entry of Richard and Bolingbroke into London" by James Northcote ((1746–1831 CE). The painting depicts Henry IV of England (left; r. 1399-1413 CE) entering London with Richard II of England (right; r. 1377 - 1399 CE) as his captive...

Edward IV of England ruled as king from 1461 to 1470 CE and again from 1471 to 1483 CE. The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) had been lost by Edward's predecessor, Henry VI of England (1422-1461 CE & 1470-1471 CE), leaving Calais as the...

Official coin of King Richard I Lionheart (reigned 1189-1199 CE), struck in 1195 CE in Issoudun (formerly Exoldunum). The obverse is inscribed RICARD'REX ("KING RICHARD"). The reverse reverse is inscribed EXOLDUNI ("FROM ISSOUDUN"). (British...

Poor Richard, 1739. An Almanack for the Year of Christ 1739, written by Benjamin Franklin under the pseudonym Richard Saunders, 1739. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

The skeleton identified by researchers from the University of Leicester as that of Richard III of England (r. 1483-1485 CE). The skeleton was excavated from the ruins of Greyfriars Abbey, then beneath a car park in Leicester in 2012 CE. (Image...

A detail of a 19th century CE painting by Merry-Joseph Blondel of the English king Richard I of England, the 'Lionheart' (r. 1189-1199 CE). (Palace of Versailles, France)