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Leo Africanus
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Leo Africanus

Leo Africanus (al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wazzan al-Fasi al-Granati, 1485-1554) was a diplomat, merchant traveller and scholar who famously voyaged from Timbuktu to the Niger River and wrote 'The Description of Africa' (La...
Tiara of Pope Pius IX
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Tiara of Pope Pius IX

The tiara of Pope Pius IX (in office 1846-1878). Made in 1854. Made of a trio of gold crowns set with diamonds, emeralds, sapphires, pearls, and other jewels around a silver-thread fabric. It measures 35 cm (13.7 in) in height...
Physical Examination of a New Pope
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Physical Examination of a New Pope

A 1645 illustration showing a cardinal checking that Pope Innocent X (in office 1644-55) is indeed a man.
Childeric I
Definition

Childeric I

Childeric I (r. c. 458-481) was a late antiquity king of the Salian Franks during the period of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Childeric's reign solidified the Salians as a dominant Frankish tribe and helped pave the way for...
English Reformation
Definition

English Reformation

The English Reformation began with Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) and continued in stages over the rest of the 16th century CE. The process witnessed the break away from the Catholic Church headed by the Pope in Rome...
Thomas Wolsey
Definition

Thomas Wolsey

Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York (l. c. 1473-1530 CE) served as Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) from around 1513 CE to 1529 CE. Wolsey rose to become the most powerful man in England after the...
Pope Joan Giving Birth
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Pope Joan Giving Birth

A c. 1450 illustration showing Pope Joan giving birth during a procession. Pope Joan was a legendary female pope of the Middle Ages said to have reigned from 855 to 858. Her existence is disputed. (Spencer Collection)
Gregory of Tours Listening to King Chilperic's Poetry
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Gregory of Tours Listening to King Chilperic's Poetry

Gregory of Tours is forced to listen to the bad poetry of King Chilperic I (r. 561-584) of Neustria. Illustratuon by Jean-Paul Laurensfor the work of Augustin Thierry, Récits des temps mérovingiens...
Tomb of St. Gregory of Tatev
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Tomb of St. Gregory of Tatev

Gregory of Tatev (1346-c. 1410 CE) or "Grigor Tatevatsi" was an Armenian philosopher, poet, theologian, and painter who was cannonized by the Armenian Apostolic Church. While he was an abbot at Tatev, he oversaw a flowering...
Gregory of Nazianzus
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Gregory of Nazianzus

Gregory the Nazianzus, Kariye Camii, Chora Church, Istanbul
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