Philip IV of France: Did you mean...?

Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596 CE) was an English mariner, privateer and explorer who in 1588 CE helped defeat the Spanish Armada of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE) which attempted to invade the kingdom of Elizabeth I of England (r...

The Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346 CE saw an English army defeat a much larger French force in the first great battle of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE). Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE) and his son Edward the Black Prince...

The Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547) was fought between the Protestant Schmalkaldic League and the Catholic armies under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who, having failed to achieve religious unity of his subjects at the Diet of Augsburg in 1530...

A 14th century CE manuscript illustration showing Philip VI of France (r. 1328-1350 CE) presiding over the lawsuit of Robert III of Artois. (MS fr: 18437, National Library of France, Paris)

Map of the Kingdom of Macedon and its expansions at the death of Philip II in 336 BC. Based on R. Ginouvès et al., La Macédoine, Paris, 1992.

Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359–336 BCE)

Philip II of Macedon (r. 359 BCE - 336 BCE) depicted in the game Old World.

Map of Philip II of Macedon's campaign in Greece, 339 BC

Macedonian silver tetradrachm from the reign of Philip II, 359-336 BCE. O: Head of Zeus. R: Horseman carrying a palm branch.

The Battle of Pydna in June 168 BCE was a decisive Roman victory that ended the Third Macedonian War and established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Roman Republic was expanding, enlarging its sphere of influence along...