Otto von Bismarck: Did you mean...?

A group of German generals attempted to assassinate the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) using a bomb on 20 July 1944 but failed. The conspirators were against Hitler's conduct of the Second World...

The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state...

Johann Eck (l. 1486-1543) was a Catholic theologian and writer best known for his disputations with Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) beginning in 1517 and continuing until his death in 1543. Eck maintained the position that, if anyone...

Portrait of Heros von Borcke in 1864, original copyright by E. O. Wiggins, c. 1914. Von Borcke (1835-1895) was a Prussian Confederate who served under J. E. B. Stuart in the American Civil War...

The Duchy of Athens was a Latin or Frankish state in Greece that existed from 1205 to 1458 CE. It was created in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 CE) and would be ruled for the majority of its history by the Burgundian...

Nikephoros II Phokas was Byzantine emperor from 963 to 969 CE. Known as “White Death of the Saracens,” Nikephoros was a fearsome commander who conquered Crete, Cilicia, and much of Syria. While he is known as a great military...

Modern statue of Katharina von Bora (Martin Luther's wife) on the compound of the Lutherhaus, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

A 1629 portrait of the mercenary General Albrecht von Wallenstein, leader of the Imperial forces during the Thirty Years' War. (Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich)

Portrait medal of the Protestant writer Argula von Grumbach (l. 1490-c. 1564), dated to c. 1520.

A colourised photograph of the German general Hans von Seeckt (1866-1936). Seeckt was head of the German Army through the 1920s.