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Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials (1945-6), held in Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Germany, were a series of trials involving the senior surviving Nazis to hold them accountable for waging war and committing war crimes and crimes against humanity during...
Definition
Potsdam Conference - When the WWII Allies Declared Japan Must Surrender
The Potsdam Conference, held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 in Potsdam in eastern Germany, decided how the Allies would deal with a defeated Germany and how they could best conduct the...
Definition
January Uprising of 1863 - Polish Rebellion Against Russian Rule in Poland
The January Uprising of 1863 was a conflict between Tsarist Russia and Polish insurgents striving for independence. The uprising continued until October 1864, when it was suppressed...
Definition
Alfred Rosenberg - The Infamous Nazi Race Theorist
Alfred Rosenberg (1893-1946) was an Estonian-born Nazi who propounded anti-Semitic racial theory and anti-Christian values. Rosenberg's theories matched those of the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler...
Definition
Joachim Murat
Joachim Murat (1767-1815) was a French cavalry officer who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He was appointed marshal of the French Empire in 1804, Grand Duke of Berg in 1806, and...
Definition
Tehran Conference - The Debate on How the Allies Should Win WWII
The Tehran Conference, code-named Eureka, was a meeting, in November-December 1943, of 'the Big Three' Allied leaders: Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill. The conference in Iran aimed to decide...
Definition
Franklin-Nashville Campaign - The Twilight of the Southern Confederacy
The Franklin-Nashville Campaign (September-December 1864) was the last major military operation in the western theater of the American Civil War (1861-1865). After the Southern stronghold...
Image
Night Bivouac of the Grande Armée
Napoleon's Grande Armée bivouacs during a nighttime blizzard during their retreat from Moscow, 1812. Painting by Vasily Vereshchagin, part of the series Napoleon I in Russia, c. 1896-97, Museum of the Patriotic...
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Uspensky Cathedral Egg by Fabergé
The 1904 Uspensky Cathedral Egg by Peter Carl Fabergé (1846-1920). The egg was given by Tsar Nicholas II (r. 1894-1917) to his wife Alexandra Feodorovna. It shows the cupola of the Uspensky Cathedral with surrounding...
Definition
Cheka - Lenin's Secret Police
The Cheka (Vecheka) Secret Police was created by Vladimir Lenin's Soviet government in December 1917 to ruthlessly stamp out all opposition to the Bolshevik Revolution. During the Russian Civil War, the Cheka operated...
