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Feudalism in Medieval Japan
Feudalism in medieval Japan (1185-1603) is the relationship between lords and vassals where land ownership and its use were exchanged for military service and loyalty. Although present earlier to some degree, the feudal system in Japan was...
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Codex Runicus, Runic Manuscript
The Codex Runicus (AM 28 8vo), a manuscript from c. 1300 CE, contains one of the oldest texts of the Scanian Law (Skånske lov), here written exclusively in the Medieval Futhork runic script. It resides at the University of Copenhagen in...
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Medieval Icelandic Government
Early medieval Icelandic government, or Viking Iceland, has been termed an incipient form of democracy or democratic parliamentarism, however, the system was actually nothing like its European counterparts, be they medieval or contemporary...
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Toilets in a Medieval Castle
The medieval toilet or latrine, then called a privy or garderobe, was a primitive affair, but in a castle, one might find a little more comfort and certainly a great deal more design effort than had been invested elsewhere. Practicality...
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Beowulf Manuscript
A manuscript of the Beowulf. 11th century CE. (British Library, London)
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Illustrated Buddhist Manuscript Cover
Illustrated Buddhist manuscript cover narrating tales of Jataka. It was created in the late 11th century CE in Bihar, India. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, L.A.)
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Aristotelian Manuscript in Armenian
This is a 14th century CE manuscript in Armenian on the discoveries made by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. The text of this document was first translated from Greek into Armenia in the 6th century CE. (Mesrop Mashtots Institute...
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Fragment of Armenian Manuscript
This is a parchment fragment from an Armenian manuscript created in the 10th century CE. (Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Yerevan, Armenia)
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Qur'an Manuscript
Qur'an Manuscript, ink, gold, and lapis on paper, with leather binding, India, Kashmir, late 18th–early 19th century.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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Twelve Greatest Illuminated Manuscripts
Illuminated manuscripts are, as their name suggests, hand-made books illumined by gold and silver ink. They were produced in Western Europe between c. 500 and c. 1600 CE and their subject matter is usually Christian scripture, practice, and...