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Sarsen Stones, West Kennet Long Barrow
Image by Immanuel Giel

Sarsen Stones, West Kennet Long Barrow

Outside of West Kennet Long Barrow, Wiltshire, U.K., showing the sarsen stones of the forecourt/facade. 3,500-2,700 BCE.
Haudenosaunee Elder Speaking in a Long House
Image by Amplitude Studios / SEGA

Haudenosaunee Elder Speaking in a Long House

Artist's impression of a Haudenosaunee elder speaking before fellow tribespeople, inside of a long house. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.
James II of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

James II of England

James II of England (r. 1685-1688) reigned briefly as the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland until he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution of November 1688. James, also known as James VII of Scotland, was the fourth Stuart monarch...
Mary II of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Mary II of England

Mary II of England (r. 1689-1694) ruled jointly with her husband William III of England (r. 1689-1702) until her death from smallpox. While William suffered a xenophobic reaction to his rule, Mary represented the continuity of the Royal House...
New Model Army
Definition by Mark Cartwright

New Model Army

The New Model Army was created in February 1645 by the Parliamentarians during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) that turned England from a monarchy to a republic. It was a professional army in terms of its personnel, training, and leadership...
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Anne, Queen of Great Britain

Anne reigned as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1702 and then, following the 1707 Act of Union, over a united kingdom as Queen of Great Britain until her death in 1714. The last of the Stuart monarchs, Anne's reign witnessed...
Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester

Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester (l. 1602-1671), was a Parliamentarian commander during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651). He led the Eastern Association army before the indecisive Second Battle of Newbury in 1644 led to recriminations...
William IV of Great Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

William IV of Great Britain

William IV of Great Britain (r. 1830-1837) succeeded his elder brother George IV of Great Britain (r. 1820-1830) to become the fifth Hanoverian monarch. William had a successful naval career, and his reign is best remembered for the democratic...
Sir Thomas Fairfax
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sir Thomas Fairfax

Sir Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron Fairfax of Cameron (1612-1671), was the first and highly successful commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651). Fairfax's leadership, tactical prowess, and courage...
The Long Room, Trinity College Dublin
Image by Wanda Marcussen

The Long Room, Trinity College Dublin

The Long Room is the main chamber of the old library of Trinity College. The room was built between 1712 and 1732, while the roof was raised in 1860 to make room for more books, giving the Long Room its iconic appearance.
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