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Lamashtu
Image by Elizaveta Gubanova

Lamashtu

In Mesopotamian Mythology, Lamashtu was a female demon or goddess who would imperil women during childbirth and even kidnap babies while breastfeeding. This is an artist's impression by Elizabeta Gubanova.
Lamashtu Plaque
Image by Rama

Lamashtu Plaque

This plaque was used for protection against Lamashtu, a female demon or goddess who would imperil women during childbirth and even kidnap babies while breastfeeding. Neo-Assyrian, 10th-7th century BCE. Musee du Louvre, Paris
Demoness Lamashtu Amulet
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Demoness Lamashtu Amulet

Amulet depicting a Lamashtu standing on a donkey and suckling a jackal and a wild pig, from Northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, c. 800-550 BCE. Lamashtu prayed on women in childbirth and newborn infants. She has a lion's head, wings...
Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia - A Gift of the Gods to Their People

In ancient Mesopotamia, the gods informed every aspect of daily life, including the practice of medicine. Gula, the Sumerian goddess of healing, presided over the medical arts, guiding doctors and dentists in the treatment of health problems...
Pazuzu
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Pazuzu

Pazuzu is an Assyrian/Babylonian demonic god who was most popular in the first millenium BCE. He was the son of Hanbi (also Hanba), king of the demons of the underworld, and brother to Humbaba, the demon-god protector of the Cedar Forest...
Gula
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Gula

Gula (also known as Ninkarrak) is the Sumerian goddess of healing and patroness of doctors, healing arts, and medical practices. She is first attested to in the Ur III Period (2047-1750 BCE) where she is referenced as a great goddess of health...
The Mesopotamian Pantheon
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Mesopotamian Pantheon - The Ancient Gods and Goddesses of the Near East

The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this, Marduk should not be regarded as King of the Gods in the same...
Twelve Menacing & Protective Mythological Figures
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Twelve Menacing & Protective Mythological Figures

The term mythology comes from the Greek words mythos (“story of the people”) and logos (“word”) and so is defined as the spoken (later written) story of a culture. Modern scholars have divided myths into different types which serve many different...
Family Planning in the Ancient Near East
Article by Arienne King

Family Planning in the Ancient Near East

The ancient Near East was home to a multitude of civilizations, across Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Levant, each with unique views on medicine, conception, and women’s role in society. Attitudes towards contraception and abortion varied according...
Halloween Matching Card Game
Worksheet/Activity by Marion Wadowski

Halloween Matching Card Game

Here is a little game to introduce Halloween into your social studies class without going off-topic! Instructions and a lesson plan included. Instructions - Print the PDF - Cut out each of the 8 cards - Cut out the parts of the cards that...
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