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Ziggurat
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ziggurat - Mountains of the Gods

A ziggurat is a form of monumental architecture originating in ancient Mesopotamia, which usually had a rectangular base and was built in a series of steps up to a flat platform upon which a temple was raised. The ziggurat was an artificial...
Chogha Zanbil
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Chogha Zanbil - The "Basket Mound" of the Gods

Chogha Zanbil (literally "basket mound") is an ancient Elamite temple complex located in the modern-day province of Khuzestan, Iran. It is also known as Dur-Untash (Fortress/City/Town of Untash), Tchogha Zanbil, and Al Untash Napirisha ("Place...
Susa
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Susa

Susa was one of the oldest cities in the world and part of the site is still inhabited as Shush, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Excavations have uncovered evidence of continual habitation dating back to 4395 BCE but that early community grew from...
Chogha Zanbil (Dur Untash)
Image by James Carnehan

Chogha Zanbil (Dur Untash)

Elamite Ziggurat located in today's Khuzestan Province in Iran. It was constructed in approximately 1250 BCE in a religious city originally called Dur Untash.
Elam
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Elam - The Ancient High Country

Elam was a region in the Near East corresponding to the modern-day provinces of Ilam and Khuzestan in southern Iran (though it also included part of modern-day southern Iraq) whose civilization spanned thousands of years from circa 3200 to...
The Assassins
Definition by Mark Cartwright

The Assassins

The Assassins (aka Nizari Ismailis), were a heretical group of Shiite Muslims who were powerful in Persia and Syria from the 11th century CE until their defeat at the hands of the Mongols in the mid-13th century CE. Secure in their fortified...
Shapur I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Shapur I

Shapur I (r. 240-270 CE) is considered one of the greatest kings of the Sassanian Empire for expanding his realm, his policy of religious tolerance, building projects, and committing the Zoroastrian scriptures (Avesta) to writing. He was...
Ten Ancient Elam Facts You Need to Know
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Ancient Elam Facts You Need to Know

Elam, located in the region of the modern-day provinces of Ilam and Khuzestan in Iran, was one of the most impressive civilizations of the ancient world. It was never a cohesive ethnic kingdom or polity but rather a federation of different...
Ziggurat Consecrated to God Inshushinak at Choqa Zanbil
Image by Katarina Maruskinova

Ziggurat Consecrated to God Inshushinak at Choqa Zanbil

Ziggurat at Chogha Zanbil consecrated to the God Inshushinak. Inshushinak was one of the most important Elamite deities, worshipped in Susa and Khuzestan region during the Middle Elamite Period.
Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat, Iran
Image by Carole Raddato

Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat, Iran

Chogha Zanbil is a magnificent, 3300-year-old ancient Elamite complex located 30 kilometres (18 miles) south-east of the ancient city of Susa in the Khuzestan province of western Iran. The principal element of this complex is an enormous...
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