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Ferdinand Magellan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan, or Fernão de Magalhães (c. 1480-1521), was a Portuguese mariner whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519-22 in the service of Spain. Magellan was killed on the voyage in what is today the Philippines...
Vendémiaire
Image by Salvatore Tresca and Louis Lafitte

Vendémiaire

An illustration in the French Republican Calendar for the month of Vendémiaire Year VI, or September-October 1797 in the Gregorian calendar. Vendémiaire was the first month of the year under the Republican Calendar. By Salvatore Tresca and...
Germanicus
Definition by Marianne R. H. Fisher

Germanicus

Germanicus (15 BCE - 19 CE) was a commander in the Roman Empire with a glowing reputation in his time under the rule of the Emperor Tiberius. His position in the Roman Empire was a unique and important one. His marriage to Agrippina the Elder...
Astronomy in the Scientific Revolution
Article by Mark Cartwright

Astronomy in the Scientific Revolution

The astronomers of the Scientific Revolution rejected long-held theories of ancient thinkers like Claudius Ptolemy and Aristotle and instead set out to systematically observe the heavens in order to create a model of the universe that fit...
Ulm Campaign
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Ulm Campaign

The Ulm Campaign (25 September to 20 October 1805) was a military operation during the War of the Third Coalition (1805-1806). Through a series of maneuvers, the 210,000 men of the French Grande Armée, led by Emperor Napoleon I, encircled...
Juan de Grijalva
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Juan de Grijalva

Juan de Grijalva (aka Grijalba, 1489-1527) was a Spanish conquistador who explored the eastern coast of Mexico in 1518. His notable achievements included a demonstration that the Yucatán Peninsula was just that and not, as previously thought...
The Battle of Lake Erie
Image by Julian Oliver Davidson

The Battle of Lake Erie

USS Niagara fires on the entangled British ships Detroit and Queen Charlotte at the climactic moment of the Battle of Lake Erie (10 September 1813), painting by Julian Oliver Davidson, 1887. Erie Maritime Museum.
Gold Solidus of Antioch
Image by Peter Roan

Gold Solidus of Antioch

A gold solidus from Antioch depicting Emperor Julian, 361-363 CE. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).
Robert E. Lee
Image by Julian Vannerson

Robert E. Lee

Portrait of Confederate General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) by Julian Vannerson, March 1864. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Jefferson Davis, 1859
Image by Julian Vannerson

Jefferson Davis, 1859

Portrait of Jefferson Davis two years before he became president of the Confederate States of America, photograph by Julian Vannerson, 1859. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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