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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Definition by James Hancock

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. In this detailed account, the conditions of the...
Amorous Indian Couple Relief
Image by Jan van der Crabben

Amorous Indian Couple Relief

Amorous couple from central India, Chandella Dynasty, 11th century CE. Exhibited at Museum Rietberg, Zurich, Switzerland.
Wounded Knee Massacre
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Wounded Knee Massacre

The Wounded Knee Massacre of 29 December 1890 was the slaughter of over 250 Native Americans, mostly of the Miniconjou people of the Lakota Sioux nation, by the US military at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. Although the US government defined...
Ancient Indian Maritime Trade Routes
Image by George Tsiagalakis

Ancient Indian Maritime Trade Routes

This map is derived from the book Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. It depicts trade routes in the ancient world, ports in the Chera territory and other parts of India and the trade routes connecting them to other parts of the world along with...
James McLaughlin, US Indian Inspector
Image by Unknown Artist

James McLaughlin, US Indian Inspector

James McLaughlin (l. 1842-1923), US Indian Inspector of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, best known for ordering the arrest of the Sioux Chief Sitting Bull in December 1890 and requesting the troops that participated in the Wounded Knee Massacre...
Columbian Exchange
Definition by John Horgan

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. The exchange...
Pirate Havens in the Golden Age of Piracy
Article by Mark Cartwright

Pirate Havens in the Golden Age of Piracy

The buccaneers who roamed the Spanish Main and the pirates who plundered the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean during the Golden Age of Piracy (1690-1730) needed a place of refuge where they could share out and enjoy their loot. Pirate havens...
Indian Massacre of 1622
Image by Matthaeus Merian

Indian Massacre of 1622

Indian Massacre of 1622. A colorized version of a woodcut by Matthaeus Merian published along with Theodore de Bry's earlier engravings in a book on the New World, 1628. The engraving shows the 1622 massacre when Powhatan Indians attacked...
Indian Triumph of Dionysus Mosaic
Image by Carole Raddato

Indian Triumph of Dionysus Mosaic

The Indian Triumph of Dionysus mosaic once decorated a dining room (triclinium) in Setifis, a colony for Roman veterans founded during the reign of Nerva (r. 96-98 CE). The central panel of the mosaic depicts the triumphal return of Dionysus...
The Crow Indian Buffalo Hunt Diorama
Image by Michael Barera

The Crow Indian Buffalo Hunt Diorama

The Crow Indian Bison Hunt diorama. The North American Indians: A Tribute to Survival exhibit, Milwaukee Public Museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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