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William I of Scotland
William I of Scotland, also known as 'William the Lion' after his heraldic emblem, reigned from 1165 to 1214 CE. Succeeding his elder brother Malcolm IV of Scotland (r. 1153-1165 CE), William was faced with a shrinking kingdom, but he harboured...
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The Wars of the Roses: Consequences & Effects
The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE) was a dynastic conflict where the nobility and monarchs of England intermittently battled for supremacy over a period of four decades. Besides the obvious consequences of Lancastrian and Yorkist kings...
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Richard III & Henry VII, Stained Glass Window
A stained glass window showing the two rivals for the throne of England at the end of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). In 1485 CE at the Battle of Bosworth, Richard III of England (r. 1483-85 CE) was defeated and killed while the victor...
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Stephen of England & Henry II of England
A manuscript depicting King Stephen of England (r. 1135 - 1154 CE) on the left, and King Henry II of England (r. 1154 - 1189 CE) on the right. Stephen is depicted standing and holding a falcon, Henry II is seated upon his throne. From...
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Effigy of Henry II of England
The effigy of Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189) in Fontevraud Abbey, France. Henry was the founder of the Angevins-Plantagenets.
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Henry I of England, York Minster
Sculpture of King Henry I of England (r. 1100 - 1135 CE) from the Quire's Screen (also known as the Choir's Screen or the King's Screen) in York Minster. The Screen was created in the 15th Century CE, and portrays every English king from...
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Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois
Henry of Navarre (later King Henry IV of France, l. 1553-1610) and Margaret of Valois, miniature from manuscript NAL 00082, 1572.
National Library of France.
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Coronation of Henry VI of England in Paris
A 15th century CE illustration of the coronation of Henry VI of England as the king of France (Henry II) in Notre-Dame de Paris on 16 December 1431 CE. From the 'Chroniques d'Angleterre' by Jean de Wavrin. (National Library of France, Paris...
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Sir Henry Vane the Younger
Portrait of Sir Henry Vane the Younger (l. 1613-1662 CE), governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony 1636-1637 CE and advocate of religious freedom and tolerance by Peter Lely (1618-1680). Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon Sir Henry Van the Younger...
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Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan, or Fernão de Magalhães (c. 1480-1521), was a Portuguese mariner whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519-22 in the service of Spain. Magellan was killed on the voyage in what is today the Philippines...
