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The Barcid Dynasty of Carthage
This infographic illustrates the rise and influence of the Barcid Dynasty, a powerful Carthaginian family that shaped Carthage’s military and political strategy during the third century BCE. Active from circa 260 to 200 BCE, the Barcids played...

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The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China
The civil service examinations of Imperial China allowed the state to find the best candidates to staff the vast bureaucracy that governed China from the Han Dynasty onwards (206 BCE - 220 CE). The exams were a means for a young male of any...

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Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty, 1206-1290
This map illustrates the foundation and expansion of the Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty (also spelled Mameluke, Arabic: مملوك, mamlūk, meaning "one who is owned," a slave), which ruled northern India from 1206 to 1290. Established...

Definition
New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom (c. 1570- c.1069 BCE) is the era in Egyptian history following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782-1570 BCE) and preceding the dissolution of the central government at the start of the Third Intermediate...

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Oracle Bones of the Ancient Chinese Shang Dynasty
Oracle bones or dragon bones were the shoulder blades of oxen or the flat underside of a turtle shell known as a plastron that were used for divination during the Shang Dynasty of China which dates between c. 1600 and 1046 BCE. The bones...

Definition
Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven (Tianming), also known as Heaven's Mandate, was the divine source of authority and the right to rule of China's early kings and then emperors. The ancient god or divine force known as Heaven or Sky selected a particular...

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Map of Yuan Dynasty China
A map indicating the territory of the Mongol Yuan dynasty of China (1271-1368 CE).

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Ming Dynasty Blue-and-White Porcelain
A selection of Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE) blue-and-white porcelain. From Chenghua reign, 1465-1487 CE. (British Museum, London)

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Map of the Roman Empire under the Flavian Dynasty
This map illustrates the Roman Empire’s territorial limits and provincial boundaries at the close of the Flavian dynasty, c. 96 CE. The sequence of emperors, Vespasian (reign 69 – 79 CE), Titus (reign 79 – 81 CE), and Domitian (reign 81 –...

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Qin Dynasty Crossbow
A Qin dynasty crossbow (221-207 BCE). From Beiguan, Xian, China.